The Lombards Book

	List of Plates
	List of Figures
	Preface
	Acknowledgements
	Chronological Table
	List of Rulers: Kings, Emperors, Dukes, Exarchs and Popes
1	Longobard Origins	1
	From Scandinavia to the Elbe	1
	From the Elbe to Bohemia	14
	From Bohemia to Pannonia	20
2	The Longobards in Pannonia	31
	The Sequence of Longobard Settlement in Pannonia	32
	Bones, Brooches and Beads	37
	Town and Country: Natives and Longobards	48
	Pagans and Christians	55
	Gepids, Byzantines and Avars AD 565-568	58
	The March	63
3	The Longobards and Italy	69
	Italy before the Longobards, AD 400-568	69
	Conquest and Kingdom, AD 569-605	73
	Consolidation and Stability, AD 605-700	91
	Longobard Revival and Demise, AD 700-780	102
4	Society and Economy	109
	The Longobard Laws and the Evolution of Longobard Society	110
	Archaeology and Society	126
	Trade and Exchange	140
5	Settlement and Defence in Longobard Italy	145
	Royal Capitals and Ducal Centres	145
	Palaces	161
	From Towns to Farms	162
	Fortifications	170
6	Religion, Architecture and Art	183
	From Arian to Catholic	183
	Longobard Builders and Buildings	190
	Longobard Art and Sculpture	199
7	Longobard Heritage: Benevento and Beyond	204
	The Fate of the Beneventan Principality	206
	State and Society in Longobard Southern Italy	211
	Coinage and Economy	219
	Beneventan and Late Longobard Culture	221
	From Liutprand to the Lega Lombarda	225
	Words and Traditions: Longobard Survivals	229
	Bibliography and Abbreviations	231
	Index	245