The Berbers Book

	List of Plates
	List of Figures
	List of Maps
	Series Editors' Preface
	Preface
	Introduction	1
1	Berbers in Antiquity	10
	Capsian Stone Industries	10
	The Neolithic in the Maghreb	12
	The Spread of Berber Language	14
	Mediterranean Connections	15
	The Sahara and the Garamantes	17
	Punic North Africa and the Berber Kingdoms	24
	Syphax and Masinissa	25
	Royal Tombs	27
	North Africa under the Numidian Kings	32
	Tribes and the State	33
	Dreaming in Tombs: the Cult of the Dead	34
	The Development of Indigenous Civil Institutions	37
	Written Language	40
	Jugurtha	41
	Towards Annexation: Kings, Tribal Leaders and Romans	43
	The Clients: Juba II and Cleopatra Selene	43
	Tacfarinas and the Musulamian Revolt	46
	The Eclipse of the Berber Kingdoms	47
2	The Empire and the Other: Romans and Berbers	50
	Co-option: Becoming a Roman	50
	Berbers in the Army	54
	Peasants and Property Relations	55
	Tribes and the Unregenerate	61
	Cycles of Aggression	67
	The Late Empire and the Rebirth of the Berber Kingdoms	70
	The Threat from the Desert	76
	Desert Kingdoms	77
	Byzantine Rule and the End of the African City	79
3	The Unification of North Africa by Islam	81
	The Arab Conquerors	82
	The Conquest of North Africa	83
	The Revolt of the Berbers	87
	The Colonization of the Maghreb	88
	The Revolution of Abu'Abd Allah	92
	The Breakup of Ifriqiya	95
	The Almoravids	99
	The Almoravid and Almohad Empire	105
	The Almohad Legacy	113
	Ibn Khaldun and the Kitab al-'Ibar	116
4	The Arabization of North Africa	120
	Language and Religion	120
	The Golden Age of Islam	126
	The Sons of the Crescent Moon	131
	The Conflict of Arab and Berber	135
	The Role of the Marabout	142
	Berberism and Islam	149
5	The Wheel of State	154
	The Circle of Equity	154
	The Ottoman Conquest	156
	Turks and Berbers	158
	The Regime of Algiers	161
	The Dominion of the Algerines	165
	The Descendants of the Prophet	169
	The Highlanders of Morocco	174
	The Entry to Modernity	178
	The Rediscovery of the Berbers	182
	The Berber Policy	186
	The Independence of the Maghreb	192
	The Fight for Survival	193
6	Pastoral Berbers: Nomads, Slaves and Saints	200
	The People of the Veil	200
	Nomadic Pastoralism and African History	202
	Tuareg Origins	206
	Alphabet and Language	208
	The Household and its Reproduction	209
	Hierarchy and Status	213
	Raiding the South: Gold and Slaves	217
	Transforming Tuareg Society	219
	Transhumants and Hagiarchy	223
	The Mediation of the Saints	225
	The Coming of the Saints	227
7	The Society and its Habitat	231
	The Village	234
	A Dual Society	269
8	Berbers and Berberism	271
	The Prospect for the Future	276
	Notes	283
	Bibliography	319
	Index	340