Nexos: Introductory Spanish Book

Contents

• ¡Bienvenidos a la clase de español!
  Vocabulario preliminar: the alphabet. numbers 0–100. people. objects in the classroom. the textbook. classroom commands

  Capítulo 1. ¿Cómo te llamas?

  La identidad personal

  Introducción a los países de habla española

  Comunicación: exchange addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses. introduce yourself and others, greet, and say good-bye. make a phone call. tell your and others' ages. address friends informally and acquaintances politely. write a personal letter

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Greetings. Asking and giving personal information (phone numbers and addresses). Introductions and saying good-bye

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Identifying people and objects: Nouns and articles. Identifying and describing: Subject pronouns and the present indicative of the verb ser. Expressing quantity: Hay + nouns. Expressing possession, obligation, and age: Tener, tener que, tener + años

  Cultura: Opener: Spanish-speaking countries of the world. ¡Fíjate! Cell phones. Voces de la comunidad: U.S. Hispanics. Exploraciones culturales: Spanish: Your direct connection to the 21st century. ¡Conéctate! Country profiles. ¡Compárate! Spanish throughout the world

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Viewing a segment several times. A leer: Estrategia: Identifying cognates to aid comprehension; Lectura: ¡Tudirección electrónica revela tu personalidad! A escribir: Estrategia: Prewriting—Identifying your target audience; Escritura: An e-mail message

  Capítulo 2. ¿Qué te gusta hacer?

  Gustos y preferencias

  Hispanos en Estados Unidos

  Comunicación: express likes and dislikes. compare yourself to other people and describe personality traits. ask and answer questions. talk about leisure-time activities. indicate nationality

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Activities. Personality and physical characteristics

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Describing what you do or are doing: The present indicative of -ar verbs. Saying what you and others like to do: Gustar + infinitive. Describing yourself and others: Adjective agreement

  Cultura: Opener: Statistics on Hispanics in the U.S. ¡Fíjate! False cognates. Voces de la comunidad: Isabel Valdés, author and consultant. Exploraciones culturales: Hispanics in the U.S. ¡Conéctate! Spanish-language media in the U.S. ¡Compárate! Mother's Day in U.S. and Mexico

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Using questions as an advance organizer. A leer: Estrategia: Using a bilingual dictionary to aid in comprehension; Lectura: Dime la verdad. ¿En qué crees que te parece a tu madre? A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Prewriting—Using a bilingual dictionary. Escritura: An art review

  Capítulo 3. ¿Cómo aprendemos?

  Investigaciones

  Puerto Rico, Cuba y la República Dominicana

  Comunicación: talk about courses and schedules and tell time. talk about present activities and future plans. talk about possessions. ask and answer questions

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Fields of study and days of the week. Telling time and times of day. Talking about dates

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Asking questions: Interrogative words. Talking about daily activities: -er and -ir verbs in the present indicative. Talking about possessions: Simple possessive adjectives. Indicating destination and future plans: The verb ir

  Cultura: Opener: Courses of study. ¡Fíjate! Romance languages. Voces de la comunidad: Erick Carreira, scientist. Exploraciones culturales: Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. ¡Conéctate! Investigating the Spanish-Speaking Caribbean. ¡Compárate! The twenty-four hour clock

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Using body language to aid in comprehension. A leer: Estrategia: Using visuals to aid in comprehension; Lectura: Los ritmos afrocaribeños. A escribir: Estrategia: Prewriting—Brainstorming ideas; Escritura: A descriptive diary entry

  Capítulo 4. ¿Te interesa la tecnología?

  Conexiones

  España

  Comunicación: talk about computers and technology. identify colors. talk about likes and dislikes. describe people, emotions, and conditions. talk about current activities. say how something is done

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Technology, computers, and colors. Emotions, electronics. On the Internet

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Expressing likes and dislikes: Gustar with nouns and other verbs like gustar. Describing yourself and others and expressing conditions and locations: The verb estar and the uses of ser and estar. Talking about everyday events: Stem-changing verbs in the present indicative. Describing how something is done: Adverbs

  Cultura: Opener: Facts about Spanish Internet users. ¡Fíjate! Linguistic borrowings from other languages. Voces de la comunidad: Manuel Castells, sociologist. Exploraciones culturales: Spain. ¡Conéctate! Planning a trip to Sevilla using the Internet. ¡Compárate! Expressions of courtesy

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Watching without sound. A leer: Estrategia: Using format clues to aid comprehension; Lectura: Trucos de navegación: Smileys al completo. A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Prewriting—Narrowing your topic; Escritura: An e-mail message

  Capítulo 5. ¿Qué tal la familia?

  Relaciones familiares

  Honduras y El Salvador

  Comunicación: talk about and describe your family. talk about professions. describe daily routines. indicate current actions

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: The family. Professions and careers. Personal care items

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Describing daily activities: Irregular yo verbs in the present indicative. Describing daily activities: Reflexive verbs. Describing actions in progress: The present progressive tense

  Cultura: Opener: Ethnic diversity in Honduras and El Salvador. ¡Fíjate! Gender and Spanish words for professions. Voces de la comunidad: Graciela Kenig, author and career consultant. Exploraciones culturales: Honduras and El Salvador. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Honduras and El Salvador. ¡Compárate! Diminutives and nicknames

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Listening for the main idea. A leer: Estrategia: Skimming for the main idea; Lectura: La cultura garífuna. A escribir: Estrategia: Writing—Creating a topic sentence; Escritura: A description of a profession

  Capítulo 6. ¿Adónde vas?

  La comunidad local

  México

  Comunicación: talk about means of transportation. say where things are located. talk about where you are and where you are going. give directions. agree and disagree. indicate and talk about what you plan to buy. make polite requests and commands. refer to objects located close to you, farther away, and at a distance

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Places in the university and around town, means of transportation. Shopping

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Indicating location: Prepositions of location. Telling others what to do: Commands with usted and ustedes. Affirming and negating: Affirmative and negative expressions. Indicating relative position of objects: Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns

  Cultura: Opener: Spanish and the indigenous languages of Mexico. ¡Fíjate! Regional variations of Spanish around the world. Voces de la comunidad: Ann R. Álvarez, social services director. Exploraciones culturales: México. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Mexico. ¡Compárate! Using commands and using other expressions of courtesy

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Watching facial expressions. A leer: Estrategia: Working with unknown grammatical structures; Lectura: Los jóvenes se divierten. A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Adding supporting detail; Escritura: Writing—A description of daily life

  Capítulo 7. ¿Cuáles son tus pasatiempos preferidos?

  Los ratos libres

  Panamá y Costa Rica

  Comunicación: talk about sports and leisure-time activities. talk about seasons and the weather. say how you feel using tener expressions. describe your recent leisure-time activities. suggest activities and plans to friends

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Sports and leisure activities, seasons. Tener expressions, weather

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Talking about what you did: The preterite tense of regular verbs. Talking about what you did: The preterite tense of some common irregular verbs. Referring to something already mentioned: Direct object pronouns. Telling friends what to do: Tú command forms

  Cultura: Opener: Fahrenheit vs. Celsius; millimeters vs. inches. ¡Fíjate! Sports-related linguistic borrowings. Voces de la comunidad: Orlando Antigua, Harlem Globetrotter. Exploraciones culturales: Panamá and Costa Rica. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Panamá and Costa Rica. ¡Compárate! Weather on both sides of the equator

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Listening for details. A leer: Estrategia: Scanning for detail; Lectura: Costa Rica: Aventuras en los rápidos. A escribir: Estrategia: Writing—Freewriting; Escritura: An article for the school newspaper

  Capítulo 8. ¿En qué puedo servirle?

  Estilo personal

  Perú y Ecuador

  Comunicación: talk about clothing and fashion. shop for various articles of clothing and discuss prices. describe recent purchases and shopping trips. talk about buying items and doing favors for others. make comparisons

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Articles of clothing, fabrics, accessories. Clothes shopping. Means of payment, numbers over 100

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Talking about what you did: The preterite tense of more irregular verbs. Talking about what you did: The preterite tense of -ir stem-changing verbs. Saying who is affected or involved: Indirect object pronouns. Making comparisons: Comparatives and superlatives

  Cultura: Opener: Guanacos, vicuñas, alpacas, and llamas. ¡Fíjate! Tú vs. usted. Voces de la comunidad: Carolina Herrera, fashion designer. Exploraciones culturales: Perú and Ecuador. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Perú and Ecuador. ¡Compárate! Chinese immigration to Latin America.

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Using background knowledge to anticipate content. A leer: Estrategia: Using background knowledge to anticipate content; Lectura: El jean impone su encanto. A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Revising—Editing your freewriting; Escritura: A description of your closet

  Capítulo 9. ¿Qué te apetece?

  Sabores

  Bolivia y Paraguay

  Comunicación: talk about food and cooking. shop for food. order in a restaurant. talk about what you used to eat and cook. say what you do for others

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Restaurants and menus. Recipes and food preparation. Setting the table

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Talking about what you used to do: The imperfect tense. Talking about the past: Choosing between the preterite and the imperfect tenses. Avoiding repetition: Double object pronouns. Indicating for whom actions are done, and what is done routinely: The uses of se

  Cultura: Opener: Typical Bolivian and Paraguayan foods. ¡Fíjate! The preterite and the imperfect. Voces de la comunidad: Guillermo Pernot, chef and host of a cooking program. Exploraciones culturales: Bolivia and Paraguay. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Bolivia and Paraguay. ¡Compárate! Bilingualism in Paraguay

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Using visuals to aid comprehension. A leer: Estrategia: Setting a time limit; Lectura: Los bocadillos en las oficinas. A escribir: Estrategia: Writing—Writing a paragraph; Escritura: A personal anecdote

  Capítulo 10. ¿Cómo es tu casa?

  Ambientes

  Guatemala y Nicaragua

  Comunicación: talk about your childhood. describe houses and apartments and their furnishings. talk about household tasks. indicate numerical order. talk about the duration of past and present events. say what people want others to do. emphasize ownership

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Parts of the city, the house, ordinal numbers. Household tasks, furniture and decorations. Household appliances

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Expressing hopes and wishes: The subjunctive mood. Emphasizing ownership: Stressed possessives. Expressing ongoing events and duration of time: Hace / Hacía with time expressions. Choosing between por and para

  Cultura: Opener: Two historic houses in Guatemala and Nicaragua. ¡Fíjate! Emphasizing in Spanish. Voces de la comunidad: Francisco X. Alarcón, bilingual author and poet. Exploraciones culturales: Guatemala and Nicaragua. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Guatemala and Nicaragua. ¡Compárate! Habitat for Humanity in Guatemala and Nicaragua

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Listening to tone of voice. A leer: Estrategia: Understanding poetry; Lectura: Poems by Nicaraguan poets Rubén Darío and José Coronel Urtecho. A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Writing—Adding transitions between paragraphs; Escritura: Transitional sentences

  Capítulo 11. ¿Qué quieres ver?

  Culturas

  Venezuela y Colombia

  Comunicación: talk about popular and high culture. express preferences and make suggestions about entertainment. express emotion and wishes. express doubt and uncertainty. express unrealized desires and unknown situations

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Movie genres, talking about movies. Television shows; talking about television, music, art, and culture

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Expressing emotion and wishes: The subjunctive with impersonal expressions and verbs of emotion. Expressing doubt and uncertainty: The subjunctive with expressions of doubt and disbelief. Expressing unrealized desires and unknown situations: The subjunctive with nonexistent and indefinite situations

  Cultura: Opener: Ownership of radios and televisions in Colombia, Venezuela, and U.S. ¡Fíjate! Learning vs. acquisition. Voces de la comunidad: Sonia Marie de León de Vega, orchestra director. Exploraciones culturales: Venezuela and Colombia. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Venezuela and Colombia. ¡Compárate! Alta Densidad, a high-tech Venezuelan television program

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Listening for sequencing words. A leer: Estrategia: Using prefixes and suffixes to aid in comprehension; Lectura: Yo soy Betty, la Fea. A escribir: Estrategia: Prewriting—Creating an outline; Escritura: A review

  Capítulo 12. ¿Qué síntomas tienes?

  El bienestar

  Guinea Ecuatorial, Marruecos, las Islas Canarias

  Comunicación: talk about health and illness. describe aches and parts of the body. express probable outcomes. express yourself precisely with the subjunctive and the indicative. talk about future activities

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Symptoms and illnesses, parts of the body. In the doctor's office. Medications and treatments

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Expressing possible outcomes: The subjunctive and indicative with conjunctions. Expressing yourself precisely: Choosing between the subjunctive and indicative moods. Talking about future activities: The future tense

  Cultura: Opener: Medicinal benefits of traditional foods in Equatorial Guinea, Morocco, and the Canary Islands. ¡Fíjate! Medical language. Voces de la comunidad: Dr. Emilio Carrillo, health plan director. Exploraciones culturales: Equatorial Guinea, Morocco, and the Canary Islands. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Equatorial Guinea, Morocco, and the Canary Islands. ¡Compárate! Immigration to Spain from Africa

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Listening for cognates and key words. A leer: Estrategia: Understanding a chronology; Lectura: Eric Moussambani: Un héroe improbable. A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Writing—Using softening language and courtesy expressions; Escritura: A letter to an advice columnist

  Capítulo 13. ¿Te gusta trabajar con la gente?

  Metas profesionales

  Chile y Uruguay

  Comunicación: talk about current events. interview for a job and talk about your skills and experience. talk about things you have done and had done in the past. express doubt, emotion, uncertainty, and opinions about recent events and actions

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Current events. Applying for a job, business and the economy

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Talking about what has occurred: The present perfect tense. Talking about events that took place prior to other events: The past perfect tense. Expressing doubt, emotion, and will: The present perfect subjunctive

  Cultura: Opener: Economic indicators for Chile, Uruguay, and the U.S. ¡Fíjate! Languages of the Americas. Voces de la comunidad: Gaddi Vásquez, director of the U.S. Peace Corps. Exploraciones culturales: Chile and Uruguay. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Chile and Uruguay. ¡Compárate! Using web translators

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Watching for transitions and listening for words that signal a change in the conversation. A leer: Estrategia: Clustering words and phrases; Lectura: La Netiquette (etiqueta en la red). A escribir: Estrategia: Writing—Writing from charts and diagrams; Escritura: A cover letter or e-mail

  Capítulo 14. ¿Te gustaría ir conmigo?

  Comunidad global

  Argentina

  Comunicación: talk about travel and make travel plans. describe animals and geography. hypothesize and speculate. express doubt, emotion, and reactions about past events

  ¡Imagínate! Vocabulario útil: Travel, the airport, on the airplane. In the hotel. Geography

  ¡Prepárate! Gramática útil: Expressing doubt, emotion, volition, and nonexistence in the past: The imperfect subjunctive. Saying what might happen or could occur: The conditional. Expressing the likelihood that an event will occur: Si clauses with the subjunctive and the indicative

  Cultura: Opener: Natural wonders of Argentina. ¡Fíjate! Use of the voseo. Voces de la comunidad: Omar Edmundo Pascucci, Chief Office of a Royal Caribbean cruise ship. Exploraciones culturales: Argentina. ¡Conéctate! Investigating Argentina. ¡Compárate! Agroturismo in Argentina

  A ver / A leer / A escribir: A ver: Estrategia: Integrating your viewing strategies. A leer: Estrategia: Understanding an author's point of view. Lectura: "Mi vida entera", Jorge Luis Borges; "Instantes" ("Último poema"), author unknown. A escribir (in workbook): Estrategia: Revising—Editing your work; Escritura: An editing checklist

  Reference Materials

  Appendix: Spanish Verbs

  Spanish-English Glossary

  English-Spanish Glossary

  Index

  Permissions and Credits