Logic and Controversy Book

	Preface	xiii
	Introduction	1
Part 1	Critical Thinking
Chapter 1	Arguments	3
1.1	Arguments: Premises and Conclusions	4
1.2	Deductive and Inductive Arguments	8
1.3	Extended Arguments	11
1.4	Explanations and Other Nonarguments	17
1.5	Summary	20
1.6	Application	20
	The Suicide Machine	20
Chapter 2	The Context of Arguments: Critical Thinking	25
2.1	Disagreement and Controversy	25
2.2	Aims of Critical Thinking	29
2.3	Uses of Language	34
2.4	Challenging Premises	40
2.5	Competing Arguments	42
2.6	Summary	45
2.7	Applications	45
	Essays on Bosnia	45
	Columbine School Shootings	48
Part 2	Informal Logic
Chapter 3	Informal Fallacies	52
3.1	Fallacies	52
3.2	Fallacies of Ambiguity	55
3.3	Avoiding Ambiguity: Definition	64
3.4	Fallacies of Presumption	74
3.5	Fallacies of Irrelevance	86
3.6	Sophistries and Diversions	98
3.7	Summary	109
3.8	Applications	114
	Violent Protest	114
	Ross Perot Speech	118
Part 3	Formal Logic
Chapter 4	The Syllogism	126
4.1	Categorical Statements	126
4.2	Translations	130
4.3	Squares of Opposition	135
4.4	Immediate Inference	140
4.5	Categorical Syllogism	145
4.6	Venn Diagrams	149
4.7	Rules and Formal Fallacies of the Syllogism	155
4.8	Enthymemes and Sorites	159
4.9	Summary	165
4.10	Applications	167
	The Death Penalty	167
	Helms on AIDS	171
	A Murdered Girl	173
Chapter 5	Truth-Functional Logic	177
5.1	Basic Symbols	178
5.2	Some More Argument Forms	186
5.3	Deductive Proofs	198
5.4	Proving Invalidity	219
5.5	Summary	224
5.6	Applications	225
	Spousal Abuse Evidence in Court Trials	225
	Violent Protest	228
Chapter 6	Quantifiers	236
6.1	Quantifiers	237
6.2	Quantifier Rules	244
6.3	Proving Invalidity of Quantified Arguments	249
6.4	Summary	251
6.5	Applications	252
	The Death Penalty	252
	Gun Laws	254
Part 4	Informal and Formal Logic
Chapter 7	Induction	258
7.1	Analogical Reasoning	258
7.2	Inductive Generalizations	263
7.3	Hypothetical Reasoning	268
7.4	Probability and Statistical Reasoning	272
7.5	Summary	281
7.6	Applications	283
	The Death of Marilyn Monroe (Coroner's Case No. 81128)	283
	AIDS	286
Chapter 8	Critical Analysis	295
8.1	Procedure	295
8.2	Examples	296
Appendix 1	Dialectic and Debate	333
Appendix 2	Puzzles	338
	Answers to Selected Exercises	342
	Glossary/Index	370