Microbiology: An Introduction (with Cogito's CD-ROM and InfoTrac) Book

Section I	Basic Principles	1
Chapter 1	Microorganisms	2
	What Is a Microorganism?	4
	The Study of Microorganisms Requires a Unique Way of Working	7
	The Discovery of Microorganisms and the Development of Microbiology	9
	Careers in Microbiology Today	12
Chapter 2	Cells	15
	Basic Components of All Cells	17
	Procaryotic Cells	20
	Eucaryotic Cells	33
	Microscopy	40
Section II	Growth and Metabolism	49
Chapter 3	Microbial Growth	50
	Growth and Reproduction	50
	Requirements for Microbial Growth	58
	Manipulating Microbial Growth	67
Chapter 4	Microbial Metabolism: Energy Conservation	73
	The Importance of Electrons	74
	Energy Is Conserved as ATP	75
	Enzymes Are Needed to Release and Store Energy	76
	Mechanisms of Energy Conservation	83
	Types of Microbial Energy Conservation	92
	Energy Conservation and Microbial Identification	101
Chapter 5	Microbial Metabolism: Biosynthesis	107
	Major Biosynthetic Needs	108
	Where Do Biosynthetic Building Blocks Come From?	113
	Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids	116
	Biosynthesis of Proteins	121
	Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides	129
	Biosynthesis of Lipids	134
	Autotrophic Carbon Dioxide Fixation	134
	Metabolic Connections	137
Chapter 6	Controlling Microbial Growth	140
	An Overview of Microbial Growth	141
	Effectiveness of Control Methods	143
	Physical Control Methods	144
	Chemical Control Methods	154
Section III	Genetics	168
Chapter 7	Microbial Genetics: Basic Considerations	169
	A Brief Review	170
	Genotype and Phenotype	170
	Structure of DNA	172
	Mutation	178
	DNA Replication	185
	Damage and Repair of DNA	186
	Regulation of Genes	189
Chapter 8	Microbial Genetics: Gene Transfer	197
	Recombination	198
	Gene Transfer in Bacteria	200
	Movable Genes	215
Chapter 9	Microbial Genetics: Genetic Engineering	221
	Recombinant DNA Technology	221
	Applications of Genetic Engineering	230
	Concerns about Genetic Engineering	238
Section IV	The Microorganisms	243
Chapter 10	Classification of Microorganisms	244
	Objectives of Classification	244
	The Position of Microorganisms in the Living World	245
	Principles of Taxonomy	248
	Traits Used to Classify Microorganisms	252
Chapter 11	The Bacteria	261
	A Brief History of Bacterial Classification	262
	Traits Used to Classify Bacteria	263
	Gram-negative Eubacteria That Have Cell Walls	267
	Gram-positive Eubacteria That Have Cell Walls	275
	Eubacteria Lacking Cell Walls	280
	The Archaeobacteria	280
Chapter 12	Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Protists and Fungi	283
	Taxonomy of Protists and Fungi	284
	The Kingdom Protista	285
	The Kingdom Fungi	299
Chapter 13	Viruses	313
	Structure of Viruses	314
	Classification of Viruses	320
	Families of Vertebrate Viruses	324
	How Viruses Reproduce	331
	Persistence of Viruses in Cells	337
	Viruses and Cancer	338
	Growing Viruses in the Laboratory	340
	The Concept of a Virus	343
	Subviral Agents	343
Section V	Pathogenesis and Immunity	348
Chapter 14	Microbial Pathogenicity	349
	Relationships with Microorganisms	351
	The Mechanisms of Virulence	355
	The Genetics of Virulence	368
	Drug Resistance	373
Chapter 15	Epidemiology	380
	Epidemiology Defined	381
	Types of Numerical Data	381
	Descriptive Epidemiology	386
	Analytical Epidemiology	396
	Proving That Microorganisms Cause Disease: Koch's Postulates	398
Chapter 16	Natural Immunity	404
	General Concepts of Immunity	405
	Mechanisms of Natural Immunity	405
	Pathogens Adapt to Natural Immunity	417
Chapter 17	Acquired Immunity	420
	An Overview of Acquired Immunity	421
	Lymphocytes	422
	Antibody-Mediated Immunity	425
	Cell-Mediated Immunity	434
	Disorders of the Immune System	440
	Laboratory Applications of Antigen-Antibody Interactions	442
	Immunization	446
Section VI	The Pathogens	454
Chapter 18	Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens	455
	Overview of Diseases Caused by Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens	456
	Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal ("Staph") Food Poisoning	460
	Clostridium botulinum and Botulism	462
	Other Endospore-Forming Bacteria	465
	Other Gram-Positive Bacteria	465
	Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria	466
	Other Gram-Negative Bacteria	480
	Foodborne and Waterborne Viruses	480
	Foodborne and Waterborne Animal-like Protists (Protozoa)	483
	Poisonous Fungi	488
	Plant-like Protists (Algae) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning	489
Chapter 19	Airborne Pathogens	493
	General Concepts of Airborne Pathogens	494
	The Major Airborne Pathogens	495
	Preventing Diseases Caused by Airborne Pathogens	496
	Airborne Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens	496
	Airborne Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens	502
	Airborne Viruses	511
	Airborne Fungal Pathogens	524
Chapter 20	Sexually Transmitted Pathogens	530
	General Concepts of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens	531
	The Major Sexually Transmitted Pathogens	532
	Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases	532
	Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted Sexually	534
	Sexually Transmitted Viral Pathogens	542
	Sexually Transmitted Protists: Trichomonas vaginalis	564
Chapter 21	Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact	567
	General Concepts of Pathogens Transmitted by Close Personal Contact	568
	The Major Pathogens Transmitted by Direct Contact	569
	Preventing Diseases Spread by Close, Person-to-Person Contact	569
	Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact	571
	Viral Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-to-Person Contact	584
	Fungal Pathogens Transmitted by Close, Person-To-Person Contact	594
Chapter 22	Zoonoses and Arthropodborne Pathogens	598
	General Concepts of Zoonoses	599
	Zoonoses Caused by Bacteria	599
	Zoonoses Caused by Viruses	611
	Animal-like Protists Causing Zoonoses	620
Chapter 23	Wound Infections	630
	Types of Wounds	631
	Sources of Wound Pathogens	631
	Factors Contributing to Wound Infections	631
	Major Wound Pathogens	633
	Preventing and Treating Wound Infections	640
	Risk of Injection (Intravenous) Drug Use	643
Chapter 24	Nosocomial Diseases	646
	Historical Recognition of Hospital-Acquired Infections	647
	The Nature of Nosocomial Infections	647
	Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections	650
	Controlling Nosocomial Infections	655
Section VII	Final Perspectives	660
Chapter 25	Food Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology	661
	Food Microbiology	661
	Industrial Microbiology	676
Chapter 26	Microbial Ecology	687
	Ecological Perspectives	688
	Types of Microbial Interactions	690
	Microbial Habitats	697
	Biogeochemical Roles of Microorganisms	700
	Microbiological Aspects of Pollution	704
Appendix A	Bacterial Classification Schemes: Classification of Bacteria According to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology	719
Appendix B	Virus Families (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses)	728
Appendix C	Visualizing Information and Relationships: Organizational Charts, Flow Diagrams, and Concept Maps	730
Appendix D	Metric Measurements and Conversions	732
	Glossary	735
	Credits	763
	Index	765