Building Natural Language Generation Systems Book

	Figures
	Preface
1	Introduction	1
1.1	The Research Perspective	2
1.2	The Applications Perspective	4
1.3	Some Example NLG Systems	7
1.4	A Short History of NLG	19
1.5	The Structure of This Book	20
2	National Language Generation in Practice	23
2.2	When Are NLG Techniques Appropriate?	24
2.3	Using a Corpus to Determine User Requirements	30
2.4	Evaluating NLG Systems	37
2.5	Fielding NLG Systems	38
3	The Architecture of a Natural Language Generation System	41
3.2	The Inputs and Outputs of Natural Language Generation	42
3.3	An Informal Characterisation of the Architecture	47
3.4	The Architecture and Its Representations	59
3.5	Other Architectures	72
4	Document Planning	79
4.2	Representing Information in the Domain	83
4.3	Content Determination	95
4.4	Document Structuring	101
4.5	Document Planner Architecture	110
5	Microplanning	114
5.2	Lexicalisation	124
5.3	Aggregation	132
5.4	Generating Referring Expressions	144
5.5	Limitations and Other Approaches	156
6	Surface Realisation	159
6.2	Realising Text Specifications	162
6.3	Varieties of Phrase Specifications	164
6.4	KPML	171
6.5	SURGE	179
6.6	RealPro	186
6.7	Choosing a Realiser	192
6.8	Bidirectional Grammars	194
7	Beyond Text Generation	198
7.2	Typography	201
7.3	Integrating Text and Graphics	208
7.4	Hypertex	216
7.5	Speech Output	221
App	NLG Systems Mentioned in This Book	229
	References	231
	Index	243