An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles Book

	Preface
	List of tables
	List of abbreviations and symbols
	Maps
1	Introduction	1
2	The development of theory	14
	Before European expansion	14
	Early European expansion	16
	The eighteenth century	18
	The early nineteenth century	21
	Van Name	24
	Schuchardt and his contemporaries	27
	Hesseling and his contemporaries	35
	Reinecke and his contemporaries	36
	Hall and Taylor	42
	Monogenesis	44
	The creole continuum	49
	Universalists again	58
	Substratists again	61
	Other trends	64
3	Social factors	68
	The Portuguese-based creoles	71
	Angolar Creole Portuguese	72
	The Spanish-based creoles	75
	Papiamentu Creole Spanish	76
	The Dutch-based creoles	80
	Negerhollands Creole Dutch	81
	The French-based creoles	85
	Haitian Creole French	86
	English-based Atlantic creoles	91
	Jamaican Creole English	93
	English-based Pacific pidgins and creoles	95
	Tok Pisin	96
	Pidgins and creoles based on other languages	101
	Nubi Creole Arabic	102
4	Lexicosemantics	106
	Pidginization and the lexicon	107
	Superstrate sources	108
	Substrate lexical influence	113
	Other lexical sources	122
	Morphological changes	127
	Semantic changes	132
	Change of syntactic function	134
5	Phonology	137
	Continua	140
	Phonotactic rules	140
	Oral vowels	145
	Nasal vowels	148
	Vowel harmony	151
	Consonants	153
	Suprasegmentals	163
6	Syntax	171
	The verb phrase	174
	Forms of 'be'	197
	Serial verbs	205
	The noun phrase	212
	Other function words	227
	Word order	233
7	Conclusions	237
	References	241
	Index	267