Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices Book

	Administrative Advice	xiii
	Pro/Con Debates	xv
	Forward	xvi
	Preface	xvii
	The Authors	xiv
I	Fundamental Principles and Concepts	1
1	Development of Administrative Theory	2
	Theory	2
	Classical Organizational Theory	5
	Human Relations Approach	8
	Behavioral Science Approach	10
	Development of Administrative Thought	14
	Systems Theory	14
2	Organizational Structure	24
	Basic Concepts of Organizational Structure	24
	The Bureaucratic Model	27
	The Participatory Management Model	30
	Alternative Models of Organizational Structure	42
	The School as a Social System	52
3	Organizational Culture	59
	The Nature of Organizational Culture	59
	Developing, Maintaining, and Changing Organizational Culture	62
	Effects of Organizational Culture	67
	Organizational Climate	73
II	Administrative Processes	87
4	Motivation	88
	Defining Motivation	88
	Content Theories	90
	Process Theories	100
5	Leadership	112
	The Nature of Leadership	112
	Leader Traits	117
	Leadership Behavior	124
	Contingency Leadership	130
	Leadership Styles	139
	Other Contemporary Perspectives	148
6	Decision Making	155
	The Nature of Decision Making	155
	Models of Decision Making	156
	Benefits of Site-Based Decision Making	166
	Problems in Site-Based Decision Making	169
	Site-Based Decision-Making Techniques	172
7	Communication	180
	The Importance of Communication	180
	The Communication Process	181
	Nonverbal Communication	183
	Direction of Communication	185
	Communication Networks	189
	Barriers to Communication	194
	Overcoming Barriers to Communication	199
8	Organizational Change	206
	Schools as Open Systems	207
	Pressures for Organizational Change	208
	Resistance to Change	211
	Individual Approaches to Change	216
	Group Approaches to Change	225
III	The Structural Framework for Education	235
9	The Federal and State Government and Education	236
	The Federal Role in Education	236
	Changing Roles in the Federal Government and Education	237
	Congressional Influence on Education	242
	Federal Programs and Activities in Education	243
	National Reform of Education	252
	State Government and Education	261
	State Education Agencies	268
	State Reform Movements	272
	Guidelines for Reform	278
10	Local School Districts	284
	Local School Policy	284
	Organization of School Districts	285
	Local School Boards	295
	The School Superintendent	305
	The Central Staff	320
	The Principal and the School	326
11	School Finance and Productivity	348
	Education and Economics	348
	Tax Sources of School Revenues	350
	Local Financing of Public Schools	351
	State Financing of Public Schools	355
	State Financial Responsibility	359
	School Effectiveness and Productivity	363
	School Finance Trends	370
	Environmental Hazards	374
	School Infrastructure Costs	380
	Financing School Construction	383
	International Comparisons of Education Spending	385
12	Legal Considerations and Education	390
	Legal Framework for Public Education	390
	The Law and Professional Personnel	394
	The Law and Students	407
	The Law and State Issues	419
IV	Administration of Programs and Services	431
13	Curriculum Development and Implementation	432
	Curriculum Definitions and Approaches	433
	Curriculum Development	440
	Components of Curriculum Development	448
	The Roles of the Curriculum Worker	453
	How Implementation Occurs	457
	Implementation as a Change Process	462
14	Analyzing and Improving Teaching	474
	Review of the Research on Teaching	475
	Teacher Styles	476
	Teacher Interaction	477
	Teacher Characteristics	483
	Teacher Effects	485
	Teacher Contexts: New Research, New Paradigms	490
	Helping the Beginning Teacher	497
	Support from Colleagues for Beginning Teachers	500
	Self-Evaluation	503
	Reflection	505
	Alternative Forms of Teacher Evaluation	506
	Supervisory Evaluation and Assistance	507
	Staff Development and Technology	510
15	Human Resource Management	517
	The Human Resource Management Process	517
	Human Resource Planning	518
	Recruitment	525
	Selection	529
	Training and Development	537
	Performance Appraisal	539
	Compensation	545
	Union-Management Relations	548
16	Careers in Educational Administration	560
	The Concept of Career	560
	Career Stages	561
	Managing Career Stress	565
	Career Development	570
	Administrator Preparation Programs	575
	Women and Minorities in Educational Administration	579
	Name Index	589
	Subject Index	599