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These missions, or reductions, were the subject of the popular 1986 film The Mission, starring Jeremy Irons, Robert DeNiro, Liam Neeson, and a native cast of hundreds. [Most remember it for the lovely instrumental, "Gabriel's Oboe," from the musical score by Ennio Morricone.] Although wikipedia claimed that Clement McNaspy, SJ, had consulted on this film, I did not see his name, nor any mention of this book, in the film's credits. Based on what I read here, Father McNaspy would have objected to the film's drift from the historical record, particularly the implication that Jesuits had disobeyed their religious superiors by taking up arms in the Guarani Wars against Spanish and Portuguese colonials.

This volume was from the art library at UMD--College Park, and was more photos than text. It is a reminder of a unique moment in the history of the Catholic missions. Unlike the depredations wrought by the earliest Catholic missionaries who came with the conquistadors to the Americas, this was a unique amalgamation of two cultures that amazed everyone who experienced it. The Guarani adapted European religion, polyphony, and art to create something unique that was lost forever when colonial powers tried to exterminate them.

I was looking for evidence that the Jesuits had trained Guarani to become members of their religious order. I did not find that evidence, but the team of Jesuits in these missions in Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina, included Jesuits that had been born in South America.