Bridge Management Book

Preface     xi
Acknowledgments     xv
Introduction: Engineering and Management     1
Engineering and Management: The Dynamic Equilibrium     3
Assets, Activities, Statics, and Dynamics     4
Art, Science, Empiricism, and Abstraction     4
Engineers as Managers     16
Engineers and Managers     32
Demand and Supply     45
Knowledge and Information     65
Benefits and Costs     71
Determinism, Uncertainty, and Faith in Theory and Application     74
Vagueness, Ignorance, and Randomness     78
Objectivity and Subjectivity; Quantity and Quality     79
Competence and Qualifications     82
Demand: From Structures to System     89
Objectives, Constraints, Needs, and Priorities     91
Maximizing Utility     91
Optimizing Objectives     94
Prioritizing Actions     96
Minimizing Risk     101
Failures     103
Understanding and/or Avoiding     107
Catastrophic Failures     108
Partial Failures, Near Failures, and Overdesign     109
Causes     121
Compounded Effects andCoincidences     123
Lessons     125
Vulnerabilities in Product and Process     128
Management     139
Administration     139
Personnel     143
Emergency Management/Damage Control     144
Ignorance/Miscommunication     152
Economy and Economics     162
External Causes and Sphere of Competence     184
BMS/MIS     186
Analysis and Design     187
Specifications     188
Model     190
Connections     208
Loads     218
Design and Construction     244
Materials     244
Construction     270
Maintainability, Repairability, and Inspectability     273
Maintenance (Section 11.4)     278
Inspection (Section 14.5)     282
Structural Diagnostics and Health Monitoring (Sections 10.6 and 15.1)     284
Operation     285
Movable Bridges     285
Safety of Field Operations     286
Anticipation of Vulnerabilities     287
Probability of Failure     291
Risk Assessment     292
Structural Reliability      293
Network Reliability     306
Process Reliability     307
Reanalysis     308
Assessments: Bridge Management Support Systems     309
System and Structure     311
Data Management     316
Inventory     321
Essential Parameters     322
Types of Bridges     322
Components, Elements, and Members     323
Assessments: Conditions, Needs, and Resources     326
Supply of and Demand for Expertise     331
Needs/Response Options     332
Quantity/Quality and Determinism/Uncertainty     333
Change over Time     334
Size, Complexity, and Importance     334
Structural Conditions     336
Serviceability     336
Serviceability Forecasts     337
Structural Vulnerability     338
Vulnerability Forecasts     339
Potential Hazards     340
Potential-Hazard Forecasts     341
Structural Condition Evaluation     343
Rating/Descriptive     343
Defect/Action     344
Elements     345
From Element to Bridge Condition Rating     347
Structural Condition Forecasts     348
Load Ratings     362
Load Posting     362
Load Rating Forecasts     362
Diagnostics     364
From Diagnosis to Prognosis     365
Summary     367
Needs     368
Quality and Quantity of Services     371
Options and Definitions     371
Hazard Mitigation     375
Rehabilitation and Replacement     376
Maintenance and Repair     378
Economic Assessments     398
Benefit-Cost Analysis     402
Decision Making     412
Strategic Planning/Asset Management     414
Optimization     417
Implementation     419
Execution: From System to Structures     423
Tasks and Operations     425
Administration     425
Quality Assurance and Control, Peer Review     426
Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability     428
Design/Construction     429
Maintenance and Repair     433
Structural Inspection and Evaluation     436
National Bridge Inspection Standards     436
Special-Emphasis Details      437
Inspection Types     447
Personnel     472
Inspection Reliability and Quality (QC&QA)     479
New Technologies and BMS     486
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation     486
Structural Health Monitoring     497
Expert Systems     503
Intelligent Transportation Systems     503
BMS Management     504
Conclusion     507
References     511
Appendixes     533
"The Deacon's Masterpiece or the Wonderful One-Hoss Shay"   Oliver Wendell Holmes     533
Bayesian Statistical Decision Theory and Reliability-Based Design     536
"The Machine That Won the War"   I. Asimov     537
Conditional Probability     537
Uncertainty     539
Quantitative Management Techniques     540
Structural Reliability     541
Optimization     545
Probability     546
Upper and Lower Bound Theorems of Plastic Frame Analysis     548
Highlights of History of U.S. National Bridge Inventory (NBI)     549
First Costs     550
Network and Project Bridge Management     551
U.S. National Bridge Inventory (NBI) and Proposed NBI Specifications     552
Analytical Tools for Asset Management     555
Bridge Management System (BMS)     557
Bridge Reliability Accounting for Redundancy     561
Data Integration     564
Privatization     567
State Highway Letting Program Management     569
Warranty, Multiparameter, and Best-Value Contracting     570
Emergency Management     571
Linkages between Transportation Investments and Economic Performance     573
System Development     575
Loading Combinations and Limit States     575
Structural Stability     578
Effective Slab Width for Composite Action     588
Live-Load Distribution Factors     588
Superstructure Deflections     589
AASHTO Design Live Loads     590
Impact Factors     590
Seismic Design Criteria for Bridges and Other Highway Structures     592
Prioritization of Seismic Vulnerabilities     593
Bridge Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (BLCCA)     599
Hambly's Paradox     600
Optimization Models     601
Numerical Optimization     602
Minimizing Life-Cycle Costs of Catastrophic Structural Failures      604
General Categories of Performance Indicators for Decision Making     605
Condition Rating Systems     606
Bridge Condition Ratings     614
Expert Systems (ESs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)     618
Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs)     620
Condition Deterioration Models     621
AASHTO Load Rating     626
Flags     630
Expert Systems for Bridge Management     637
Preventive Maintenance (PM)/Maintainability     638
User Cost Estimates     640
Glossary of Highway Quality Assurance Terms     642
Design Exception Practices     643
Maintenance Implementation     643
NBIS Qualifications of Personnel     645
Index     647