Civil War and Reconstruction Book

	Introduction to the AmericanHeritage American Voices Series	vii
	Introduction to Civil War and Reconstruction	ix
Part I	North and South Drift Apart	1
	The Life of a Slave	2
	From Solomon Northrup's Twelve Years a Slave, 1853	3
	Slavery: Voices in Opposition	4
	From Theodore Weld's American Slavery As It Is, 1839	4
	A Northern Mill Worker's Thoughts	5
	From the Lowell Offering, c. 1843	6
	Nat Turner's Revolt	7
	From the Richmond Enquirer, "24th August, 1831, 3 O'clock"	8
	From the Liberator, September 3, 1831	9
	The Amistad Affair	10
	From Kale's Letter to John Quincy Adams, January 4, 1841	11
Part II	The Deepening Crisis	13
	1850: The Last Compromise	15
	From Senator Henry Clay's Compromise Speech, February 5, 1850	15
	From Senator John C. Calhoun's Answer for the South, March 4, 1850	16
	From Senator Daniel Webster's Speech for Compromise, March 7, 1850	17
	The Fugitive Slave Act	18
	From a Speech by Frederick Douglass, August 1852	19
	From Charles E. Stevens's Eyewitness Account, June 1854	19
	The Underground Railroad	21
	From Levi Coffin's Recollections, c. 1850	21
	From Henry "Box" Brown's Account, c. 1852	23
	From William Still's Account of Harriet Tubman, c. 1870	24
	Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom's Cabin	25
	From Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852	26
	From the Last Chapter of Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852	27
	Bleeding Kansas	28
	From Julia Lovejoy's Letter to a New Hampshire Newspaper, September 5, 1856	29
	The Dred Scott Decision	30
	From Chief Justice Roger B. Taney's Opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, March 1857	30
	The Lincoln-Douglas Debates	31
	From Lincoln's "House Divided" Speech, 1858	32
	From Stephen Douglas's Response to Lincoln, 1858	33
	John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry	33
	From a Telegraphed News Dispatch from Baltimore, October 17, 1859	34
	John Brown's Prediction, December 2, 1859	35
	The Election of 1860: Two Presidents	36
	From William Russell's Diary, 1863	36
	From Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Sketches," 1862	37
Part III	The War Begins	39
	On the Eve of War	41
	From George Ticknor's Letter to an English Friend, April 21, 1861	41
	From Paul Burns's Letter to a Missouri Friend, June 1861	42
	Fort Sumter: The Opening Shots	42
	From the Marietta (Ohio) Home News Extra, April 13, 1861	43
	From the Memoirs of Captain Abner Doubleday, April 1861	44
	Brother against Brother, Family against Family	46
	From Theodore Upson's Recollections, 1861	46
	The First Battle of Bull Run	47
	From Dr. Nott's Letter to a Friend, July 23, 1861	49
	From the Account by William H. Russell, July 1861	50
Part IV	Stalemate East and West	53
	Experiencing War Firsthand	54
	From the Recollections of Warren Lee Goss, 1890	54
	From the Memoirs of Major Abner R. Small, 1861	56
	The First Campaign for Richmond	56
	From the Recollections of Alexander Hunter, 1862	57
	The Military Leaders	59
	From General McClellan's Dispatches to Washington, D.C., 1862	60
	From General Law's Account of Robert E. Lee, 1862	61
	From the Observations of Sallie Putnam, June 1862	62
	From Robert L. Dabney's, The Life and Campaigns of Lt. General Thomas J. Jackson, 1866	64
	From the new York Daily Tribune, 1885	65
	Camp Life	67
	From Lawrence Van Alstyne's Diary, September 1862	67
	A Civil War Song	69
	"The Battle Hymn of the Republic," February 1862	69
	Two Women Spies	70
	From Rose O'Neal Greenhow's Diary, March 1862	71
	From the New York Herald, August 1862	73
	Horace Greeley versus President Lincoln	74
	Lincoln's Reply to Greeley, August 1862	74
	Antietam: The Bloodiest Day	75
	From Union Major Rufus Dawes's Memoirs, 1862	75
	From General John B. Gordon's Reminiscences, 1862	76
	The Emancipation Proclamation	78
	From Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862	78
	African Americans in the War	80
	From Charlotte Forten's Diary, January 1863	80
	From Lewis Douglass's Letter to His Fiancee, July 1863	83
Part V	The Turning of the Tide	85
	The Battle of Fredericksburg	86
	From Confederate William Owens's Account, December 1862	86
	From the Memoirs of Union Major Frederick Hitchcock, December 13, 1862	87
	The Campaign for Vicksburg	89
	From the Memoirs of Brigadier General Frederick Dent Grant, 1863	91
	From an Anonymous Account by a Confederate Soldier, May 1863	92
	The Battle of Gettysburg	93
	From the Recollections of Augustus Buell, July 1, 1863	95
	Pickett's Charge	95
	From General James Longstreet's Memoirs, July 1863	96
	From Arthur J. L. Freemantle's Account, July 1863	97
	The Aftermath: Southern Gloom, Northern Cheers	99
	From the Diary of General Josiah Gorgas, July 28, 1863	100
	From William Lusk's Letter, July 7, 1863	100
	The Gettysburg Address	101
	Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863	101
	Hospitals and Medical Care	102
	From the Diary of Louisa May Alcott, January 4, 1863	103
	Clara Barton: Angel of the Battlefield	104
	From Clara Barton's War Diary, 1864	105
	Prison Hell: Escape from Andersonville	106
	From John L. Ransom's Diary, 1864	107
Part VI	The Fall of the Confederacy	109
	Grant, Sherman, and Total War	110
	From the Memoirs of Private Warren Goss, May 1864	111
	From the Memoirs of Horace Porter, May 1864	112
	Sherman's Campaign in Georgia	114
	From the Journal of Eliza Andrews, December 1864	115
	Surrender at Appomattox	116
	From General Grant's Memoirs, April 9, 1865	117
	From Mary Boykin Chesnut's Diary, April 19, 1865	119
Part VII	Restoring the Union	121
	New Rights for African Americans	122
	From Booker T. Washington's Up from Slavery, 1872	123
	Restoring Southern Control in the South	124
	From Scribner's Monthly, August 1875	125
	Sources	127
	Index	131