Guide to Fluorine NMR for Organic Chemists Book

PREFACE.

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

1.1. Why Fluorinated Compounds are Interesting.

1.2. Introduction to Fluorine NMR.

References.

2 AN OVERVIEW OF FLUORINE NMR.

2.1. Introduction.

2.2. Fluorine Chemical Shifts.

2.3. Spin-Spin Coupling Constants to Fluorine.

2.4. ¹H Spectra of Fluoroorganic Compounds.

2.5. ¹³C NMR Spectra of Fluoroorganic Compounds.

2.6. Isotope Effects on Chemical Shifts.

2.7. Advanced Topics.

References.

3 THE SINGLE FLUORINE SUBSTITUENT.

3.1. Introduction.

3.2. Saturated Hydrocarbons.

3.3. Influence of Substituents/Functional Groups.

3.4. Carbonyl Functional Groups.

3.5. Nitriles.

3.6. Alkenes with a Single Fluorine Substituent.

3.7. Acetylenic Fluorine.

3.8. Allylic, Propargylic, and Benzylic Fluorides.

3.9. Fluoroaromatics.

3.10. Fluoroheterocycles.

3.11. Other Common Groups with a Single Fluorine Substituent.

References.

4 THE CF₂ GROUP.

4.1. Introduction.

4.2. Saturated Hydrocarbons Containing a CF₂ Group.

4.3. Influence of Substituents/Functional Groups.

4.4. Carbonyl Functional Groups.

4.5. Nitriles.

4.6. Bifunctional CF₂ Compounds.

4.7. Alkenes and Alkynes.

4.8. Benzenoid Aromatics Bearing a CF₂ Group.

4.9. Heteroaromatic CF₂ Groups.

References.

5 THE TRIFLUOROMETHYL GROUP.

5.1. Introduction.

5.2. Saturated Hydrocarbons Bearing a CF₃ Group.

5.3. Influence of Substituents and Functional Groups.

5.4. Carbonyl Compounds.

5.5. Nitriles.

5.6. Bifunctional Compounds.

5.7. Sulfonic Acid Derivatives.

5.8. Allylic and Propargylic Trifluoromethyl Groups.

5.9. Aryl-Bound Trifluoromethyl Groups.

5.10. Heteroaryl-Bound Trifluoromethyl Groups.

References.

6 MORE HIGHLY FLUORINATED GROUPS.

6.1. Introduction.

6.2. The 1,1,2- and 1,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Groups.

6.3. The 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl and 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl Groups.

6.4. The 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl Group.

6.5. The Pentafluoroethyl Group.

6.6. The 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropyl Group.

6.7. The 1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropyl Group.

6.8. The Hexafluoro-iso-Propyl Group.

6.9. The Heptafluoro-n-Propyl Group.

6.10. The Heptafluoro-iso-Propyl Group.

6.11. The Nonafluoro-n-Butyl Group.

6.12. Fluorous Groups.

6.13. 1-Hydro-Perfluoroalkanes.

6.14. Perfluoroalkanes.

6.15. Perfluoro-n-Alkyl Halides.

6.16. Perfluoroalkyl Amines, Ethers, and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.

6.17. Polyfluoroalkenes.

6.18. Polyfluorinated Aromatics.

6.19. Polyfluoroheterocyclics.

References.

7 COMPOUNDS AND SUBSTITUENTS WITH FLUORIDE DIRECTLY BOUND TO A HETEROATOM.

7.1. Introduction.

7.2. Boron Fluorides.

7.3. Fluorosilanes.

7.4. Nitrogen Fluorides.

7.5. Phosphorous Fluorides.

7.6. Oxygen Fluorides (Hypofluorites).

7.7. Sulfur Fluorides.

7.8. The Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF₅) Group.

7.9. Bromine Trifluoride and Iodine Pentafluoride.

7.10. Aryl Halogen Difluorides and Tetrafluorides.

7.11. Xenon Difluoride.

References.

GENERAL INDEX.

COMPOUND INDEX.