Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Book

The Blind Men and the Elephant

History of Impedance Spectroscopy

I Background 1

1 Complex Variables 3

2 Differential Equations 23

3 Statistics 35

4 Electrical Circuits 61

5 Electrochemistry 73

6 Electrochemical Instrumentation 97

II Experimental Considerations 107

7 Experimental Methods 109

8 Experimental Design 129

III Process Models 153

9 Equivalent Circuit Analogs 155

10 Kinetic Models 163

11 Diffusion Impedance 183

12 Semiconducting Systems 211

13 Time-Constant Dispersion 233

14 Generalized Transfer Functions 265

15 Electrohydrodynamic Impedance 285

IV Interpretation Strategies 307

16 Methods for Representing Impedance 309

17 Preliminary Graphical Methods 333

18 Model-Based Graphical Methods 353

19 Complex Nonlinear Regression 363

20 Assessing Regression Quality 385

V Statistical Analysis 405

21 Error Structure of Impedance Measurements 407

22 The Kramers-Kronig Relations 427

VI Overview 447

23 An Integrated Approach to Impedance Spectroscopy 449

VII Reference Material 461

A Complex Integrals 463

B Tables of Reference Material 475

C List of Examples 477

List of Symbols 481

References 495

Index 518