Animal Feed Formulation Book

	Preface
1	Economic Analysis	1
	Animal Feeding	1
	Assumptions of Least-Cost Analysis	2
	What to Expect from Applying Linear Programming	6
	Least-Cost Formulation: The Basic Linear-Programming Problem	8
	Solving the problem	8
	Using the computer	10
	Adding Proportions between Nutrients	14
	Specifying Ratios between Nutrients	14
	Dealing with Infeasible Solutions	16
	Sensitivity Analysis and Choosing Ingredients	17
	Parametric Cost Ranging	17
	Parametric Nutrient Ranging	18
	Multiblending to Determine in Which Feed a Scarce Ingredient Should Be Used	21
	Optimum-Density Formulation	23
	Amino Acid Equivalent Formulas	23
	Nutrient Factoring	26
	Considering Risk in Feed Formulation	26
	Strategies for Dealing with the Risk of Ingredients with Below-Average Compositions	29
2	Formulating Feeds for Sheep	36
	Sample Sheep Feed Formulation Problem	37
	Calculating Formulation Results on an As-Is Basis	39
3	Formulating Feeds for Beef Cattle	42
	Formulating Feeds for a Desired Level of Gain	43
	Specifying the Amount of Forage in a Feed	44
	Formulation Based on Expected Gains from Feed Net-Energy Levels	46
	Maximizing Profit and Optimizing Net Energy	48
	How Does Feed Cost Affect Profitability and Net-Energy Levels?	52
	Toward More Comprehensive Models	53
4	Formulating Feeds for Dairy Cattle	55
	Maximum-Production Models for Feed Formulation	55
	Formulating Diets to Maximize Profits	61
5	Formulating Feeds for Swine	72
	Do the Producer's Feeds Meet National Research Council Recommendations?	73
	Substitution of Ingredients	78
	Parametric Cost Ranging of Wheat	79
	Nutrient Requirements and Ingredient-Formulation Values	84
6	Formulating Feeds for Turkeys	87
7	Formulating Feeds for Broilers	95
8	Formulating Feeds for Layers	105
	Intake Prediction	105
	Constraints and Temperature Dependence	109
	Additional Considerations	116
9	Formulating Feeds for Catfish	118
10	Formulating Feeds for Horses	125
	App. A. General Features of the UFFDA Program	135
	App. B. Using UFFDA on a Local Area Network	154
	App. C. Units in a Mathematical Programming Problem	157
	Bibliography	159
	Index	163