Using SPSS for Windows : Data Analysis and Graphics Book

Part I: Introduction
1 —- The Nature of SPSS
—1.1 Getting Started with SPSS for Windows
——Windows
——The Main Menu
—1.2 Managing Data and Files
——Opening Data Files
——Reading SPSS Data Files
——Reading ASCII Data Files
——Entering Your Own Data
——Adding Cases and Variables
——Deleting Cases and Variables
——Defining Variables
——Saving SPSS Data Files
——Saving ASCII Data Files
—1.3 Transforming Variables and Data Files
——Computing New Variables
——Recoding Variables
——Recoding into the Same Variable
——Recoding into Different Variables
——Selecting Cases
——Random Sample
—1.4 Examining and Printing Output
——Printing Out
—1.5 Missing Values
—Chapter Exercises

Part II: Descriptive Statistics
2 —- Organization of Data
—2.1 Organization of Categorical Data
——Frequencies
——Bar Charts
—2.2 Organization of Numerical Data
——Discrete Data
——Continuous Data
——Changing Intervals
——Stem-and-Leaf Plot
—Chapter Exercises
3 —- Measures of Location
—3.1 The Mode
—3.2 The Median and Other Percentiles
——The Median
——Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, and Other Quantiles
—3.3 The Mean
——Proportion as a Mean
—Chapter Exercises
4 —- Measures of Variability
—4.1Ranges
——The Range
——The Interquartile Range
—4.2 The Mean Deviation
—4.3 The Standard Deviation
—4.4 Some Uses of Location and Dispersion Measures Together
——Standard Scores
——Box-and-Whisker Plots
—Chapter Exercises
5 —- Summarizing Multivariate Data: Association Between Numerical Variables
—5.1 Association of Two Numerical Variables
——Scatter Plots
——Changing the Scales of the Axes
——Other Information Revealed by Scatter Plots
——The Correlation Coefficient
——Rank Correlation
—5.2 More than Two Variables
——Correlation Matrix
——Missing Values
—Chapter Exercises
6 —- Summarizing Multivariate Data: Association Between Categorical Variables
—6.1 Two-by-Two Frequency Tables
——Calculation of Percentages
——Phi Coefficient
—6.2 Larger Two-Way Frequency Tables
—6.3 Effects of a Third Variables
——Marginal Association of Three Dichotomous Variables
——Conditional Association of Three Dichotomous Variables
—Chapter Exercises

Part III: Probability
7 —- Basic Ideas of Probability
—7.1 Probability in Terms of Equally Likely Cases
—7.2 Random Sampling; Random Numbers
—Chapter Exercises
8 —- Probability Distributions
—8.1 Family of Standard Normal Distributions
——Finding Probability for a Given z value
——Finding a z Value for a Given Probability
—Chapter Exercises
9 —- Sampling Distributions
—9.1 Sampling from a Population
——Random Samples
—9.2 Sampling Distribution of a Sum and of a Mean
—9.3 The Normal Distribution of Sample Means
——The Central Limit Theorem
—Chapter Exercises

Part IV: Statistical Inference
10 —- Using a Sample to Estimate Characteristics of One Population
—10.1 Estimation of a Mean by a Single Number
—10.2 Estimation of Variance, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error
—10.3 An Interval of Plausible Values for a Mean
——Confidence Intervals when the Standard Deviation is Known
——Confidence Intervals when the Standard Deviation is Estimated
—10.4 Estimation of a Proportion
—10.5 Estimation of a Median
——Point Estimation of a Median
——Interval Estimation of a Median
—10.6 Paired Measurements
——Mean of a Population of Differences
——Matched Samples
—Chapter Exercises
11 —- Answering Questions About Population Characteristics
—11.1 Testing a Hypothesis About a Mean
——Hypothesis Testing Procedures
—11.2 Testing Hypotheses About a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation is Known
——Validity Conditions
—11.3 Testing Hypotheses About a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation is Unknown
——Relation of Two-Tailed Tests to Confidence Intervals
—11.4 P Values: Another Way to Report Tests of Significance
——Test for a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation is Known
——Test for a Mean When the Population Standard Deviation is Not Known
—11.5 Testing Hypotheses About a Proportion
—11.6 Testing Hypotheses About a Median: The Sign Test
—11.7 Paired Measurements
——Testing Hypotheses About the Mean of a Population of Differences
——Testing the Hypotheses of Equal Proportions
—Chapter Exercises
12 —- Differences Between Two Populations
—12.1 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations are Known
—12.2 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations are Unknown But Treated as Equal
——One-Tailed Tests
—12.3 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means When the Population Standard Deviations are Unknown and Not Treated as Equal
—12.4 Comparison of Two Independent Sample Proportions
—12.5 The Sign Test for a Difference in Locations
—Chapter Exercises
13 —- Variability in One Population and in Two Populations
—13.1 Variability in One Population
——Testing the Hypothesis that the Variance Equals a Given Number
——Confidence Intervals
—13.2 Variability in Two Populations
——Testing the Hypothesis of Equality of Two Variances
——Confidence Intervals for the Ratio of Two Variances
—Chapter Exercises

Part V: Statistical Methods for Other Problems
14 —- Inference on Categorical Data
—14.1 Tests of Goodness of Fit
——Equal Probabilities
——Probabilities Not Equal
—14.2 Chi-Square Tests of Independence
—14.3 Measures of Association
——The Phi Coefficient
——A Coefficient Based on Prediction
——A Coefficient Based on Ordering
—Chapter Exercises
15 —- Regression Analysis
—15.1 The Scatter Plot and Correlation Coefficient
—15.2 Simple Regression Analysis
——Estimating the Regression Equation
——Test of Significance for &bgr;
——Strength of Association of x and y
——Test of Significance for the Correlation
——Drawing the Regression Line
—15.3 Another Example: Inverse Association of x and y
——No Relationship
—15.4 Multiple Regression Analysis
——Selecting the Order of Entry of the Independent Variables
——Simple Correlations
——The Full Model
——Incremental Models
—15.5 An Example with Dummy Coding
—Chapter Exercises
16 —- Comparison of Several Populations
—16.1 One-Way Analysis of Variance
——Examining the Data
——Running the One-Way Procedure
——An Example with Unequal Sample Sizes
——More About the Analysis of Variance
—16.2 Which Groups Differ from Which, and by How Much?
——Post-Hoc Comparisons of Specific Differences
——Effect Sizes
—16.3 Analysis of Variance of Ranks

—Chapter Exercises
Appendix —- Data Files
Index