Percutaneous Venous Blood Sampling in Endocrine Diseases Book

	Preface
	Contributors
1	Selective Venous Sampling for the Differential Diagnosis of Female Hyperandrogenemia	1
	Introduction	1
	Diagnostic Procedures	2
	Indications	4
	Anatomy and Anatomical Variations	4
	Catheterization	8
	Endocrinologic Results	13
	Clinical Results	14
	Conclusion	24
	References	25
2	Selective Venous Sampling for Adrenal Hormone Excess	28
	Adrenal Glands	28
	Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex	33
	Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla	39
	Conclusion	44
	References	45
3	Selective Simultaneous Bilateral Sampling from the Inferior Petrosal Sinuses	48
	Introduction	48
	Diagnostic Workup	48
	Diagnostic Problems	52
	Indications for Inferior Petrosal Sinus (IPS) Sampling	53
	Anatomy	54
	Catheterization	58
	Endocrinologic Background for IPS Catheterization	63
	Patients and Method	63
	Results	64
	Discussion	66
	Conclusion	68
	References	68
4	Pancreatic Venous Sampling	75
	Introduction	75
	Population of Pancreatic Endocrine Cells	76
	Distribution of Hormone-Producing Islet Cells	76
	The APUD Concept	77
	Tumors of the Endocrine Pancreas	78
	Localization of Islet Cell Tumors	88
	Ultrasound	89
	Computed Tomography	90
	Arteriography	91
	Intraoperative Ultrasound	96
	Venous Sampling	97
	Interpretation of Hormone Data	102
	Complications of the Procedure	107
	Clinical and Surgical Considerations	108
	Islet Cell Tumor Embolization	110
	Author's Experience in Hyperinsulinism	114
	References	115
5	Pathophysiology and Detection of Renovascular Hypertension--Combination of Renal Vein Renin Sampling and Digital Subtraction Angiography	119
	Introduction	119
	Normal Renin Metabolism	119
	Renin in Pathologic States	120
	Detection of Renovascular Hypertension	120
	Radiographic Studies	122
	Causes of Failure to Identify Renovascular Hypertension by RVR	123
	Conclusion	123
	References	124
6	Selective Venous Sampling for Parathyroid Hormone Excess	125
	Introduction	125
	Clinical Features	125
	Anatomy/Physiology	128
	Diagnostic Procedures	135
	Treatment	144
	References	145
7	Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Endocrine Diseases	151
	Introduction	151
	Adrenal and Ovarian Hormones	151
	Pituitary Hormones	164
	Pancreatic Hormones	165
	Parathyroid Hormone	167
	Renal Hormones	169
	References	170
	Index	177