Ocular Pathology Book

1	Basic Principles of Pathology	1
	Inflammation	1
	Immunobiology	14
	Cellular and Tissue Reactions	22
2	Congenital Anomalies	29
	Phakomatoses (Disseminated Hereditary Harartomas)	29
	Chromosomal Aberrations	37
	Infectious Embryopathy	43
	Drug Embryopathy	45
	Other Congenital Anomalies	47
3	Nongranulomatous Inflammation: Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis, and Sequelae	59
	Definition	59
	Classification	59
	Suppurative Endophthalmitis and Panophthalmitis	61
	Nonsuppurative, Chronic Nongranulomatous Uveitis and Endophthalmitis	63
	Sequelae of Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, and Panophthalmitis	69
	End Stage of Diffuse Ocular Diseases	72
4	Granulomatous Inflammation	75
	Introduction	75
	Post-Traumatic	75
	Nontraumatic Infectious	79
	Nontraumatic Noninfectious	96
5	Surgical and Nonsurgical Trauma	109
	Causes of Enucleation	109
	Complications of Intraocular Surgery	109
	Complications of Neural Retinal Detachment and Vitreous Surgery	127
	Complications of Corneal Surgery	132
	Complications of Nonsurgical Trauma	135
6	Skin and Lacrimal Drainage System	165
	Skin	165
	Normal Anatomy	165
	Terminology	165
	Congenital Abnormalities	168
	Aging	171
	Inflammation	172
	Lid Manifestations of Systemic Dermatoses or Disease	178
	Cysts, Pseudoneoplasms, and Neoplasms	187
	Lacrimal Drainage System	207
	Normal Anatomy	207
	Congenital Abnormalities	209
	Inflammation - Dacryocystitis	209
	Tumors	209
7	Conjunctiva	215
	Normal Anatomy	215
	Congenital Anomalies	215
	Epitarsus	215
	Vascular Disorders	216
	Inflammation	217
	Injuries	224
	Conjunctival Manifestations of Systemic Disease	224
	Degenerations	226
	Cysts, Pseudoneoplasms, and Neoplasms	229
8	Cornea and Sclera	241
	Cornea	241
	Normal Anatomy	241
	Congenital Defects	242
	Inflammations - Nonulcerative	250
	Inflammations - Ulcerative	253
	Inflammations - Corneal Sequelae	258
	Injuries	258
	Degenerations	258
	Dystrophies	269
	Pigmentations	291
	Sclera	295
	Congenital Anomalies	295
	Inflammations	296
	Tumors	299
9	Uvea	311
	Normal Anatomy	311
	Congenital and Developmental Defects	311
	Congenital and Developmental Defects of the Pigment Epithelium	314
	Inflammations	319
	Injuries	319
	Systemic Diseases	319
	Atrophies and Degenerations	322
	Dystrophies	324
	Tumors	327
	Uveal Edema (Uveal Detachment: Uveal Hydrops)	333
10	Lens	339
	Normal Anatomy	339
	General Information	339
	Congenital Anomalies	339
	Capsule (Epithelial Basement Membrane)	343
	Epithelium	350
	Cortex and Nucleus (Lens Cells or "Fibers")	355
	Secondary Cataracts	359
	Complications of Cataracts	360
	Ectopic Lens	362
11	Neural (Sensory) Retina	371
	Normal Anatomy	371
	Congenital Anomalies	373
	Vascular Diseases	379
	Inflammations	394
	Injuries	397
	Degenerations	397
	Hereditary Primary Retinal Dystrophies	416
	Hereditary Secondary Retinal Dystrophies	429
	Systemic Diseases Involving the Retina	437
	Tumors	439
	Neural Retinal Detachment	441
12	Vitreous	463
	Normal Anatomy	463
	Congenital Anomalies	463
	Inflammation	466
	Vitreous Adhesions	466
	Vitreous Opacities	466
	Vitreous Hemorrhage	473
13	Optic Nerve	479
	Normal Anatomy	479
	Congenital Defects and Anatomic Variations	481
	Optic Disc Edema	488
	Optic Neuritis	489
	Optic Atrophy	494
	Injuries	497
	Tumors	498
14	Orbit	511
	Normal Anatomy	511
	Exophthalmos	511
	Developmental Abnormalities	514
	Orbital Inflammation	515
	Injuries	517
	Vascular Disease	518
	Ocular Muscle Involvement in Systemic Disease	518
	Neoplasms and Other Tumors	522
15	Diabetes Mellitus	577
	Natural History	577
	Retinal Vasculature in Normal Subjects and Diabetic Patients	578
	Conjunctiva and Cornea	578
	Lens	578
	Iris	579
	Ciliary Body and Choroid	583
	Neurosensory Retina	583
	Vitreous	596
	Optic Nerve	597
16	Glaucoma	601
	Normal Anatomy	601
	Introduction	603
	Normal Outflow	604
	Impaired Outflow	604
	Tissue Changes Caused by Elevated Intraocular Pressure	626
17	Ocular Melanotic Tumors	639
	Normal Anatomy	639
	Melanotic Tumors of Eyelids	639
	Melanotic Tumors of Conjunctiva	647
	Melanotic Tumors of Pigment Epithelium of Iris, Ciliary Body, and Retina	656
	Melanotic Tumors of the Uvea	664
	Melanotic Tumors of the Optic Disc and Optic Nerve	690
	Melanotic Tumors of the Orbit	691
18	Retinoblastoma and Pseudoglioma	701
	Retinoblastoma	701
	Pseudoglioma	713
	Index	727