The Brief Penguin Handbook with Exercises, 4E Book

PART 1 Planning, Drafting, and Revising

1 Think as a Writer

a Think About What College Readers Expect

b Think About How to Persuade Others

c Think About Your Audience

d Think About Your Credibility

e Think About Your Purpose

2 Plan and Draft

a Establish Your Goals

b Explore Your Topic

c Write a Working Thesis

d Plan a Strategy

e Compose a Draft

f Write as a Member of a Team

3 Compose Paragraphs

a Focus Your Paragraphs

b Organize Your Paragraphs

c Make Your Paragraphs Coherent

d Consider Paragraph Length

e Write Effective Beginning and Ending Paragraphs

4 Rewrite, Edit, and Proofread

a Switch from Writer to Reader

b Learn Strategies for Rewriting

c Respond to Other Writers’ Drafts

d Edit for Particular Goals

e Proofread Carefully

f Learn to Edit the Writing of Others

PART 2 Analyzing, Reflecting, Informing, Arguing

5 Read and View with a Critical Eye

a Become a Critical Reader

b Read Actively

c Write Summaries

d Recognize Verbal Fallacies

e Become a Critical Viewer

f Recognize Visual Fallacies

6 Write an Analysis

a Understand the Goal of a Rhetorical Analysis

b Analyze the Context and the Text

c Organize and Write a Rhetorical Analysis

d Sample Rhetorical Analysis

e Analyze Images and Other Visual Texts

7 Write a Reflection

a Find a Reflective Topic

b Identify a Focus

c Organize and Write a Reflection

d Sample Reflective Essay

8 Write an Informative Essay

a Find an Informative Topic

b Narrow Your Topic and Write a Thesis

c Organize and Write an Informative Essay

d Sample Informative Essay

9 Write a Position Argument

a Position Arguments and Proposal Arguments

b Find an Arguable Topic and Make a Claim

c Organize and Write a Position Argument

d Sample Position Argument

10 Write a Proposal Argument

a Find an Arguable Topic and Make a Proposal

b Organize and Write a Proposal Argument

c Sample Proposal Argument

PART 3 Writing in the Disciplines

11 Learn to Write in Academic Disciplines

a Become an Academic Writer

b What Counts as Evidence in the Disciplines?

12 Write in Specific Genres

a Write an Essay Examination

b Write an Observation

c Write a Case Study

d Write a Lab Report in the Sciences

e Write a Letter of Application

f Write a Résumé

g Write a Business Memo

13 Write About Literature

a Become a Critical Reader of Literature

b Develop an Interpretation

c Write a Literary Analysis

d Sample Literary Analysis

PART 4 Designing and Presenting

14 Communicate in Multimedia

a Multimedia Composing

b Think About Verbal and Visual Relationships

c Design Documents

d Choose Type

e Create Tables, Charts, and Graphs

15 Design Presentations

a Plan a Presentation

b Design Visuals for a Presentation

c Deliver an Effective Presentation

PART 5 Planning Research and Finding Sources

Research Map

16 Plan Your Research

a Analyze the Research Task

b Set a Schedule

c Find and Narrow a Topic

d Determine What Kind of Research You Need

e Draft a Working Thesis

f Create a Working Bibliography

g Create an Annotated Bibliography

17 Find Sources

a Develop Strategies for Finding Sources

b Find Sources in Databases

c Find Sources on the Web

d Find Multimedia Sources

e Find Print Sources

f Keep Track of Sources

18 Evaluate Sources

a Determine the Relevance of Sources

b Determine the Quality of Sources

c Evaluate Database and Print Sources

d Evaluate Web Sources

19 Plan Field Research

a Know What You Can Obtain from Field Research

b Conduct Interviews

c Administer Surveys

d Make Observations

PART 6 Incorporating and Documenting Sources

Using Sources Map

20 Understand and Avoid Plagiarism

a Understand the Purposes of Sources

b What is Plagiarism?

c Avoid Plagiarism When Taking Notes

d Avoid Plagiarism When Quoting Sources

e Avoid Plagiarism When Summarizing and Paraphrasing

21 Use Sources Effectively

a Use Sources to Provide Evidence

b Use Sources as Points of Departure

c Decide When to Quote and When to Paraphrase

d Integrate Quotations

e Integrate Summaries and Paraphrases

f Integrate Visuals

22 Write and Revise the Research Project

a Revisit Your Research

b Plan Your Organization

c Write a Draft

d Review and Revise

MLA

MLA Documentation Map

23 MLA Documentation

a Writer at Work: Citing Sources in a MLA-Style Project

b Writer at Work: Creating the List of Work Cited

c In-Text Citations in MLA Style

d Illustrated Samples and Index of Works Cited in MLA Style

e Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, and Other Print Sources

f Books

g Library Database Sources

h Web Sources and Other Online Sources

i Visual Sources

j Multimedia Sources

k Informational Notes

l Sample Research Paper with MLA Documentation

APA, CMS, CSE

APA Documentation Map

24 APA Documentation

a In-text Citations in APA Style

b Illustrated Samples and Index of References in APA Style

c Periodical Sources

d Books and Nonperiodical Sources

e Online Sources

f Visual, Computer, and Multimedia Sources

g Sample Paper with APA Documentation

25 CMS Documentation

a In-text Citations in CMS Style

b Documentation in CMS Style

c Books and Nonperiodical Sources

d Periodical Sources

e Online Sources

f Multimedia Sources

g Sample Pages with CMS Documentation

26 CSE Documentation

a In-text Citations in CSE Style

b References in CSE Style

c Books and Nonperiodical Sources

d Periodical Sources

e Online Sources

f Sample Pages with CSE Documentation

PART 7 Effective Style and Language

27 Write with Power

a Pay Attention to Verbs

b Stay Active

c Find Agents

d Vary Your Sentences

e Give Your Writing Personality

28 Write Concisely

a Eliminate Unnecessary Words

b Reduce Wordy Phrases

c Simplify Tangled Sentences

29 Write with Emphasis

a Manage Emphasis in Sentences

b Forge Links Across Sentences

c Use Parallel Structure with Parallel Ideas

d Use Parallel Structure with Lists

e Use Parallel Structure in Paragraphs

30 Find the Right Words

a Be Aware of Levels of Formality

b Be Aware of Denotation and Connotation

c Use Specific Language

d Use Effective Figurative Language

31 Write to Be Inclusive

a Be Aware of Stereotypes

b Be Inclusive About Gender

c Be Inclusive About Race and Ethnicity

d Be Inclusive About Other Differences

e Recognize International Varieties of English

PART 8 Understanding Grammar

32 Grammar Basics

a Sentence Basics

b Word Classes

c Clauses

d Phrases

e Sentence Types

33 Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices

a Fragments

b Run-on Sentences

c Comma Splices

34 Subject-Verb Agreement

a Agreement in the Present Tense

b Singular and Plural Subjects

c Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects

d Collective Nouns as Subjects

e Inverted Word Order

f Amounts, Numbers, and Pairs

35 Verbs

a Basic Verb Forms

b Irregular Verbs

c Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

d Shifts in Tense

e Shifts in Mood

36 Pronouns

a Pronoun Case

b Pronoun Agreement

c Problems with Pronouns and Gender

d Vague Reference

37 Modifiers

a Choose the Correct Modifier

b Place Adjectives Carefully

c Place Adverbs Carefully

d Revise Disruptive Modifiers

e Revise Dangling Modifiers

PART 9 Understanding Punctuation and Mechanics

38 Commas

a Commas with Introductory Elements

b Commas with Compound Clauses

c Commas with Nonrestrictive Modifiers

d Commas with Items in a Series

e Commas with Coordinate Adjectives

f Commas with Quotations

g Commas with Dates, Numbers, Titles, and Addresses

h Commas to Avoid Confusion

i Unnecessary Commas

39 Semicolons and Colons

a Semicolons with Closely Related Main Clauses

b Semicolons Together with Commas

c Colons in Sentences

d Colons with Lists

40 Hyphens

a Hyphens with Compound Modifiers

b Hyphens with Compound Nouns

c Hyphens that Divide Words at the Ends of Lines

d Hyphens for Clarity

41 Dashes and Parentheses

a Dashes and Parentheses vs. Commas

b Dashes and Parentheses to Set Off Information

c Other Punctuation with Parentheses

d Other Punctuation with Dashes

42 Apostrophes

a Possessives

b Contractions and Omitted Letters

c Plurals of Letters, Symbols, and Words Referred to as Words

43 Quotation Marks

a Direct Quotations

b Titles of Short Works

c Other Uses of Quotation Marks

d Misuses of Quotation Marks

e Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks

44 Other Punctuation Marks

a Periods

b Question Marks

c Exclamation Points

d Brackets

e Ellipses

f Slashes

45 Write with Accurate Spelling

a Know the Limitations of Spelling Checkers

b Distinguish Homonyms

46 Capitalization and Italics

a Capital Letters

b Italics

47 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers

a Abbreviations

b Acronyms

c Numbers

PART 10 If English Is Not Your First Language

48 Write in a Second Language

a Understand the Demands of Writing in a Second Language

b Use Your Native Language as a Resource

c Use Dictionaries

d Understand English Idioms

49 Nouns, Articles, and Prepositions

a Kinds of Nouns

b Count and Noncount Nouns

c Singular and Plural Forms

d Articles

e Prepositions

50 Verbs

a Types of Verbs

b Be Verbs

c Modal Auxiliary Verbs

d Verbs and Infinitives

e Verbs and -ing Verbals

f Conditional Sentences

g Participial Adjectives

h Phrasal Verbs

51 English Sentence Structure

a Subjects

b English Word Order

c Placement of Modifiers

d Adjectives with Prepositions

Glossary of Grammatical Terms and Usage

Index