Listen Book

“Listen is neither too complicated nor too simplistic in its approach to the appreciation of Western music — it is just right for the average non-music major.”

— James E. Cunningham, Florida Atlantic University

* New to this edition

Preface: To the Instructor Introduction: To the Student

Music and History

Listening

Unit I: Fundamentals Listening

*PRELUDE: An Orchestral Prelude by Richard Wagner
*LISTENING CHART 1: Wagner, Prelude to The Valkyrie

CHAPTER 1: Music, Sound, and Time
1. Sound Vibrations
2. Dynamics (Amplitude)
LISTENING EXERCISE 1: Pitch and Dynamics
3. Tone Color: Overtones
4. Duration

CHAPTER 2: Rhythm and Pitch
1. Rhythm LISTENING EXERCISE 2: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo LISTENING EXERCISE 3: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo
2. Pitch
Interlude A: Musical Notation

CHAPTER 3: The Structures of Music
1. Melody
Box: Characteristics of Tunes LISTENING EXERCISE 4: Melody and Tune
2. Harmony
3. Texture LISTENING EXERCISE 5: Texture
4. Tonality and Modality LISTENING EXERCISE 6: Mode and Key
Interlude B: Musical Instruments

CHAPTER 4: Musical Form and Musical Style
1. Form in Music LISTENING EXERCISE 7: Musical Form
2. Musical Style LISTENING CHART 2: Britten, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra

UNIT II: Early Music: An Overview

CHAPTER 5: The Middle Ages
1. Music and the Church: Plainchant

Plainchant, Preface for Mass on Whit Sunday, “Vere dignum”
Plainchant, Gregorian Antiphon, “In paradisum”
Hildegard of Bingen, Plainchant Sequence, “Columba aspexit”

2. Music at Court
Box: How Did Early Music Sound?
Bernart de Ventadorn, Troubadour song, “La dousa votz”

3. The Evolution of Polyphony Pérotin, Organum, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”

4. Later Medieval Polyphony

Guillaume de Machaut, Motet, “Quant en moi”

Global Perspectives 1: Sacred Chant Qur’anic recitation, “Ya Sin”
Hawai’ian chant, Mele pule
Navajo song, “K’adnikini’ya’”

CHAPTER 6: The Renaissance
1. New Attitudes Guillaume Dufay, Harmonized hymn, “Ave maris stella”
2. The High Renaissance Style Josquin Desprez, Pange lingua Mass
3. Music as Expression
*Josquin Desprez, Chanson, “Mille regrets”
4. Late Renaissance Music Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass

Thomas Weelkes, Madrigal, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending
5. Instrumental Music: Early Developments Anonymous, Galliard, “Daphne”

Anonymous, “Kemp’s Jig”
Box: Dance Stylization
Global Perspectives 2: Music and Early European Colonialism Inca processional music, “Hanaq pachap kusikuynin”

CHAPTER 7: The Early Baroque Period
1. From Renaissance to Baroque Giovanni Gabrieli, Motet, “O magnum mysterium”
2. Style Features of Early Baroque Music
3. Opera

Claudio Monteverdi, The Coronation of Poppea
Box: Singing Italian Henry Purcell, Dido and Aeneas
4. The Rise of Instrumental Music

Girolamo Frescobaldi, Suite (Canzona, Balletto, Corrente, and Passacaglia)
Global Perspectives 3: Ostinato Forms
*Foday Musa Suso, “Laminba”

Pygmy polyphony, Elephant-hunt song

UNIT III: The Eighteenth Century

CHAPTER 8: Prelude: The Late Baroque Period
1. Absolutism and the Age of Science
2. Musical Life in the Early Eighteenth Century
3. Style Features of Late Baroque Music
4. The Emotional World of Baroque Music

CHAPTER 9: Baroque Instrumental Music
1. Concerto and Concerto Grosso Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12
LISTENING CHART 3: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, first movement LISTENING CHART 4: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, second movement

Biography: Antonio Vivaldi

Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
LISTENING CHART 5: Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement

Biography: Johann Sebastian Bach
2. Fugue

Box: Fugues, Free and Learned

Johann Sebastian Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus 4
LISTENING CHART 6: Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus 4
3. The Dance Suite Johann Sebastian Bach, Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D (c. 1730)

CHAPTER 10: Baroque Vocal Music
1. Opera
Box: The Castrato George Frideric Handel, Julius Caesar (Giulio Cesare in Egitto)
2. Oratorio George Frideric Handel, Messiah
Biography: George Frideric Handel
Box: Women in Music
3. The Church Cantata Johann Sebastian Bach, Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden”
4. The Organ Chorale Johann Sebastian Bach, Chorale Prelude, “Christ lag in Todesbanden”

CHAPTER 11: Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment
1. The Enlightenment and Music
2. The Rise of Concerts
3. Style Features of Classical Music
4. Form in Classical Music

CHAPTER 12: The Symphony
1. The Movements of the Symphony
2. Sonata Form Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550
LISTENING CHART 7: Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, first movement
Biography: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3. Classical Variation Form Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor LISTENING CHART 8: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, second movement
Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn
4. Minuet Form (Classical Dance Form)
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, third movement LISTENING CHART 9: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, third movement
5. Rondo Form Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, fourth movement LISTENING CHART 10: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, fourth movement

CHAPTER 13: Other Classical Genres
1. The Sonata
*Francesca LeBrun, Sonata in F, Op. 1, No. 3
2. The Classical Concerto Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concerto in A., K. 488
LISTENING CHART 11: Mozart, Piano Concerto in A, K. 488, first movement
3. The String Quartet
4. Opera Buffa Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Don Giovanni
Global Perspectives 4: Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia LISTENING CHART 12: Japanese gagaku, Etenraku
LISTENING CHART 13: I Lotring, Balinese gamelan, Bopong

UNIT IV: The Nineteenth Century

CHAPTER 14: Beethoven
1. Between Classicism and Romanticism
2. Beethoven and the Symphony Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
LISTENING CHART 14: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, first movement LISTENING CHART 15: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 (complete work) Biography: Ludwig van Beethoven
3. Beethoven’s “Third Period”
Ludwig van Beethoven, String Quartet in F, Op. 135, second movement

CHAPTER 15: Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism
1. Romanticism
2. Concert Life in the Nineteenth Century
3. Style Features of Romantic Music
4. Program Music
5. Form in Romantic Music

CHAPTER 16: The Early Romantics
1. The Lied Franz Schubert, “Erlkönig” (“The Erlking”)
Biography: Franz Schubert Robert Schumann, Dichterliebe (“A Poet’s Love”)
Biography: Robert Schumann Clara Schumann, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen” (“The moon has risen softly”)
Biography: Clara Wieck (Clara Schumann)
2. The Character Piece for Piano Franz Schubert, Moment Musical No. 2 in A-flat Robert Schumann, Carnaval
Frédéric Chopin, Nocturne in F-sharp, Op. 15, No. 2
Biography: Frédéric Chopin
3. Early Romantic Program Music
Biography: Franz Liszt
Biography: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Fanny Mendelssohn

Hector Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony: Episodes in the Life of an Artist LISTENING CHART 16: Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, fifth movement

Biography: Hector Berlioz

CHAPTER 17: Romantic Opera
1. Verdi and Italian Opera
Box: Early Romantic Opera Giuseppe Verdi, Aida
Biography: Giuseppe Verdi
2. Wagner and Music Drama
*Box: Wagner’s Tristan and Isolde
*Richard Wagner, The Nibelung’s Ring: The Valkyrie
Biography: Richard Wagner

CHAPTER 18: The Late Romantics
1. Late Romantic Program Music Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
LISTENING CHART 17: Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
Biography: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
2. Nationalism Modest Musorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition
Biography: Modest Musorgsky
Box: Other Nationalists
3. Responses to Romanticism Johannes Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77
LISTENING CHART 18: Brahms, Violin Concerto, third movement
Biography: Johannes Brahms Gustav Mahler, Symphony no. 1
Biography: Gustav Mahler LISTENING CHART 19: Mahler, Symphony No. 1, third movement, Funeral March
Global Perspectives 5: Musical Drama Worldwide Japanese kabuki, Dojoji
Beijing opera, The Prince Who Changed into a Cat

UNIT V: The Twentieth Century and Beyond

CHAPTER 19: Prelude: Music and Modernism
1. Progress and Uncertainty
2. The Response of Modernism
3. Literature and Art Before World War I
4. Modernist Music Before World War I

CHAPTER 20: The Twentieth Century: Early Modernism
1. Debussy and Impressionism Claude Debussy, Three Nocturnes LISTENING CHART 20: Debussy, Clouds
Biography: Claude Debussy
2. Stravinsky: The Primacy of Rhythm Igor Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring: Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth”
LISTENING CHART 21: Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I

Biography: Igor Stravinsky
3. Expressionism Arnold Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire
Biography: Arnold Schoenberg Alban Berg, Wozzeck
Box: Schoenberg and Serialism
4. Modernism in America: Ives Charles Ives, Second Orchestral Set, second movement LISTENING CHART 22: Ives, “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People’s Outdoor Meeting”
Biography: Charles Ives Charles Ives, The Unanswered Question

CHAPTER 21: Alternatives to Modernism
Box: Opera in the Early Twentieth Century
1. Maurice Ravel Maurice Ravel, Piano Concerto in G LISTENING CHART 23: Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, first movement
Biography: Maurice Ravel
2. Béla Bartók Béla Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta LISTENING CHART 24: Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, second movement (Allegro)
Biography: Béla Bartók
3. Aaron Copland Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring
Biography: Aaron Copland
*4. The Rise of Film Music
Box: Music and Totalitarianism
*Sergei Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky
*LISTENING CHART 25: Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky, Cantata 5: The Battle On Ice
*Biography: Sergei Prokofiev

CHAPTER 22: The Late Twentieth Century
1. Modernism in Music: The Second Phase Anton Webern, Five Orchestral Pieces of 1913
2. The Postwar Avant-Garde György Ligeti, Lux aeterna
LISTENING CHART 26: Ligeti, Lux aeterna
Edgard Varèse, Poème électronique
Box: Modernist Music and Architecture John Cage, 4’ 33”
*3. Music at the End of the Millenium

*Steve Reich, Music for 18 Musicians
*LISTENING CHART 27: Reich, Music for 18 Musicians, beginning Kaija Saariaho, From the Grammar of Dreams
*John Adams, El Niño

CHAPTER 23: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond
1. Early American Music: An Overview
2. Jazz: The First Fifty Years
Biography: Ragtime: Scott Joplin Sippie Wallace, “If You Ever Been Down” Blues
Biography: Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington, “Conga Brava”
Biography: Duke Ellington Global Perspectives 6: African Drumming Yoruba drumming, “Ako”
3. Later Jazz Charlie Parker and Miles Davis, “Out of Nowhere”
Miles Davis, “Bitches Brew”
4. The Influence of Jazz and Blues George Gershwin, Piano Prelude No. 1
Leonard Bernstein, West Side Story
5. Rock: The First Fifty Years
Global Perspectives 7: Global Music Solomon Linda, South African popular song, “Anoku Gonda”
6. Conclusion

*Appendix A: Timelines Appendix B: Suggested Readings and Recommended Web Sites Glossary of Musical Terms Index