Considerations for Viral Disease Eradication: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies: Workshop Summary Book

	Preface
	Summary and Assessment	1
1	Introduction	22
2	Major Efforts for Disease Eradication	33
	Smallpox	34
	The Next Target After Polio: Global Eradication of Measles	40
	Eradication of Congenital Rubella Syndrome	52
	Post-Polio Eradication: Issues and Challenges	57
3	Biological Challenges to Post-Eradication	64
	Herd Immunity and the Design of Vaccination Programs	65
	Error, Hubris, and Malice	77
	Natural SIV Reservoirs and Human Zoonotic Risk: Challenges to Disease Eradication	84
	Vaccine-Associated Cases Due to Immunization with Live Virus Vaccines	90
4	Operational and Institutional Challenges to Post-Eradication	98
	Revision of the International Health Regulations: Progress Report	99
	Disease Surveillance, Program Management, and Sustainment of Immunization Programs	106
	The Capacity of Public Health Services to Respond to an Outbreak in the Post-Eradication Era	112
	Laboratory Security and Regulations Governing Viral Pathogens in a Post-Immunization Era	116
5	Medical Intervention and Technological Solutions	121
	The Polio Eradication Effort: Should Vaccine Eradication Be Next?	122
	Antiviral Therapy in the Management of Post-Eradication Infectious Disease Outbreaks	127
	Potential Use of Cytokines and Antibody for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in the Post-Eradication Era	129
	The Potential Role of Probiotics and Microbial Ecology in Host Defense	133
6	The Challenges to Post-Eradication Outbreaks	141
	Ready or Not: The U.S. Health Care System and Emerging Infections	142
	Vaccines for Post-Elimination Contingencies	149
	Strategic Priorities for Addressing Post-Eradication Outbreaks	157
	Understanding the Public and Media Response to an Outbreak	163
	Post-Eradication Challenges in the Developing World	169
	A: Glossary and Acronyms	173
	B: Workshop Agenda	183
	C: Forum Member and Speaker Biographies	190