Computing Professionals: Changing Needs for the 1990s Book

	Summary and Overview	1
1	Introduction and Impact of Information Technology at the Macroeconomic Level	24
	This Study - Approach, Scope, and Terms	29
	Current Data and Measures of Productivity	30
	Alternate Measures of Productivity and Performance	44
	Observations and Conclusions	45
	Organization and Scope of This Report	47
2	Impacts of Information Technology at the Industry Level	52
	Air Transport	57
	Telecommunications	62
	Retail and Wholesale Trade	69
	Health Care	75
	Banking	80
	Insurance	86
3	Impacts of Information Technology at the Enterprise Level	97
	Why Firms Invest in IT	98
	How Companies Use and Invest in IT	100
	Cross-cutting Observations Regarding All Uses of Information Technology	122
4	Impacts of Information Technology at the Activity Level	136
	What Is an Activity?	139
	Some Observations About Service Activities	141
	Roles for Information Technology in the Evolution of Activities	143
	Consequences for Employees	155
5	Improving Decision Making About Information Technology	165
	Common Problem Areas in the Management of Information Technology	168
	Critical Issues in the Management of Information Technology	173
6	Information Technology in Services: Implications for Public Policy	193
	Implications for Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy	194
	Background on Employment Issues Raised by Information Technology in Services	195
	The Need for Policy Intervention to Ease Employment Transitions	199
	The Need for Additional Research to Guide Policy Making	201
	Other Policy Issues Identified by This Study	207
	App. A: Selected Research on Economic and Strategic Impacts of Information Technology	217
	App. B: Methods for Deriving Bureau of Economic Analysis Measures of Output	228
	App. C: Procedures for Deriving Bureau of Labor Statistics Measures of Productivity for Service Industries	234
	App. D: How the Committee Conducted Its Study	247
	App. E: List of Executives Interviewed	266