Child Labor and Education in Latin America: An Economic Perspective Book

List of Figures ix

List of Tables xi

Abstract xv

Preface xvii

Acronyms xix

Part I Introduction

Introduction: Child Labor and Education in Latin America Peter F. Orazem Guilherme Sedlacek Zafiris Tzannatos 3

Part II Background

1 Changing Patterns of Child Labor around the World since 1950: The Roles of Income Growth, Parental Literacy, and Agriculture Victoria Gunnarsson Peter F. Orazem Guilherme Sedlacek 21

2 Child Labor, Schooling, and Poverty in Latin America Guilherme Sedlacek Suzanne Duryea Nadeem Ilahi Masaru Sasaki 33

Part III Behavioral Inferences

3 The Responses of Child Labor, School Enrollment, and Grade Repetition to the Loss of Parental Earnings in Brazil, 1982-1999 Marcelo Cortes Neri Emily Gustafsson-Wright Guilherme Sedlacek Peter F. Orazem 55

4 Dynamics of Child Labor: Labor-Force Entry and Exit in Urban Brazil Jasper Hoek Suzanne Duryea David Lam Deborah Levison 69

5 How Does Working as a Child Affect Wages, Income, and Poverty as an Adult? Nadeem Ilahi Peter F. Orazem Guilherme Sedlacek 87

6 The Intergenerational Persistence of Child Labor Patrick M. Emerson Andre Portela F. de Souza 103

7 The Impact of Child Labor Intensity on Mathematics and Language Skills in Latin America Mario A. Sanchez Peter F. Orazem Victoria Gunnarsson 117

Part IV Policy Evaluations

8 The Impact of Cash Transfers on Child Labor and School Enrollment in Brazil Eliana Cardoso Andre Portela F. de Souza 133

9 Limiting Child Labor through Behavior-based Income Transfers: An Experimental Evaluation of the PETI Program in Rural Brazil Yoon-Tien Yap Guilherme Sedlacek Peter F. Orazem 147

10 The Impact of PROGRESA on Child Labor and Schooling EmmanuelSkoufias Susan W. Parker 167

11 Education and Child Labor: Experimental Evidence from a Nicaraguan Conditional Cash Transfer Program John A. Maluccio 187

Part V Conclusions

12 Policy Options to Eradicate Child Labor and Promote Education in Latin America Zafiris Tzannatos Peter F. Orazem Guilherme Sedlacek 207

Bibliography 219

List of Contributors 227