The Scott, Foresman Writer Book

PART 1 Working as a Writer

Chapter 1: Writers at Work

1a Rhetorical Situations

1b Writing About Something

1c Writing to Somebody

1d Writing for Some Purpose

1e Writing in Some Genre

Chapter 2: Preparing to Write

2a Sizing up an Assignment

2b Scheduling a Project

Chapter 3: Finding and Focusing a Topic

3a Finding a Topic

3b Focusing a Topic

Chapter 4: Making a Commitment

4a Offering a Topic Proposal

4b Crafting a Thesis Sentence

Chapter 5: Creating a Structure

5a Understanding Patterns of Organization

5b Preparing an Outline

Chapter 6: Drafting

6a Gathering Materials

6b Getting Started

6c Pacing Yourself

6d Evaluating a Draft

Chapter 7: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

7a Revising Your Draft

7b Editing Your Draft

7c Proofreading Your Draft

7d Working Collaboratively

PART 2 Shaping Language

Chapter 8: Making Choices About Language

8a Language and Power

8b Levels of Language

8c Word Choice

8d Civil Language

Chapter 9: The Structure of Sentences

9a Sentence Types

9b Modifiers

9c Phrases

9d Clauses

9e Building Sentences: Coordination

9f Building Sentences: Subordination

Chapter 10: The Shape of Sentences

10a Using Agent/Action Sentences

10b Understanding Parallelism

10c Writing Balanced Sentences

10d Writing Cumulative Sentences

Chapter 11: Writing with Style

11a Reducing Wordiness

11b Using Specific Details

11c Varying Sentence Length

11d Using Punctuation for Emphasis

Chapter 12: Shaping Effective Paragraphs

12a Focusing Paragraphs With Topic Sentences

12b Writing Well-Structured Paragraphs

12c Creating Effective Transitions

12d Writing Paragraphs That Look Good

12e Writing Opening Paragraphs

12f Writing Closing Paragraphs

PART 3 Presenting Your Writing

Chapter 13: Designing Effective Documents

13a Designing Documents with a Computer

13b Laying Out Pages

13c Choosing Type

13d Adding Charts, Graphs, and Images

13e Working with Color

Chapter 14: Writing for the Web

14a Using Social Media at School

14b Participating on Class Web sites

14c Writing for Wikis, Blogs, and Web 2.0

14d Establishing your Online Ethos

Chapter 15: Giving Oral Presentations

15a Planning Oral Presentations

15b Scripting What You’ll Say

15c Preparing Audio and Visual Aids

15d Speaking before an Audience

Chapter 16: Model Documents

16a Formal Letters

16b Formal Emails

16c Letters of Application

16d Résumés

16e Job Interviews

16f Professional Memos

16g Newsletters

16h Brochures

PART 4 Writing Arguments

Chapter 17: Reading and Responding Critically

17a Reading Critically

17b Reacting to What You Read: The Response Paper

Chapter 18: Strategies of Argument

18a Making A Claim

18b Presenting Evidence

18c Finding Logical Arguments

18d Structuring an Argument

18e Arguing Fairly

18f Avoiding Fallacies of Argument

18g An Annotated Argument

Chapter 19: Visual Arguments

19a Understanding Visual Arguments

19b Creating Visual Arguments

19c Using Charts, Tables, and Graphs

Chapter 20: Writing an Analysis of Literature or Popular Culture

20a Approaching Textual Analysis

20b Using Sources in Arguments about Literature or Popular Culture

20c Developing Arguments on Literature or Popular Culture

PART 5 Research

Chapter 21: Doing Research

21a Claiming a Topic

1 Size up an assignment carefully.

2 Browse the library in your topic area.

3 Browse electronic resources.

4 Review your writing process.

21b Planning a Project

1 Write a research prospectus.

2 Decide how you will handle your research materials.

3 Prepare a working bibliography.

4 Make copies of printed sources.

5 Print or download electronic sources.

21c Checking Organization

1 Narrow or qualify your claim.

2 Test your organization.

21d Checking Format

1 Pay attention to the format of work you submit.

2 Insert tables and figures as needed.

3 Be consistent with headings.

4 Include all the components your project requires.

5 Submit your project professionally.

Chapter 22: Finding Information

22a Using Information Sources

1 Learn about your library.

2 Use library catalogs efficiently.

3 Locate suitable bibliographies.

4 Locate suitable indexes to search the periodical literature.

5 Check the Web.

6 Consult biographical resources.

7 Locate statistics.

8 Check news sources.

9 Check book, film, and product reviews.

10 Consult experts and conduct interviews.

22b Searching With Keywords

1 Understand how a simple keyword search works.

2 Understand the principles of Boolean searching.

3 Search by exact phrase.

Chapter 23: Evaluating Sources

23a Understanding Types of Sources

23b Assessing the Quality of Sources

1 Consider the authority and reputation of a source.

2 Consider timeliness and stability.

3 Consider significance and thoroughness.

4 Consider bias.

5 Consider the integrity of online information.

Chapter 24: Using Sources Responsibly

24a Summarizing and Paraphrasing a Source

24b Avoiding Plagiarism

1 Give yourself sufficient time to develop projects.

2 Have confidence in your own abilities.

3 Learn what you need to document.

4 Don’t take shortcuts with documentation.

5 Don’t copy and paste without giving credit.

6 Don’t get involved in collusion.

7 Don’t miss the opportunity to learn.

Chapter 25: Using Sources and Quotations Effectively

25a Selecting Quotations

25b Introducing Quotations and Source Materials

25c Modifying Quotations

1 Tailor your language so that direct quotations fit into the grammar of your sentences.

2 Use ellipses to show where you have cut material from direct quotations.

PART 6 Documentation

Chapter 26: Documenting a Research Paper

26a Recognizing Documentation Styles

26b Knowing What to Document

1 Provide a source for every direct quotation.

2 Document all ideas, opinions, facts, and information that cannot be considered common knowledge.

3 Document materials that readers might question or wish to explore further.

4 Furnish dates, credentials, and other information to assist readers.

5 Use links to document electronic sources.

6 Use computer programs to document your project.

26c Finding Documentation Information (Source Maps)

1 For books, check the title and copyright pages for documentation information.

2 For scholarly journals, check the cover or contents page for documentation information.

3 Check magazines articles for documentation information.

4 For newspapers, check the masthead and credits column for documentation information.

5 Expect full documentation from the Web sites you use.

Chapter 27: MLA Documentation

27a Insert in-text notes wherever you use sources in the body of your paper.

1 Identify outside sources clearly each time you use them.

2 Locate referenced material as precisely as possible.

3 Place and punctuate parenthetical citations correctly.

27b List all cited sources on a separate “Works Cited” page.

27c Sample Research Paper–MLA

Chapter 28: APA Documentation

28a In the body of your paper, place a note for each source you use.

1 Identify sources clearly each time you use them.

2 Provide page numbers to locate quotations and paraphrased passages.

3 Place and punctuate parenthetical notes appropriately.

28b On a separate page at the end of your project, list alphabetically every source you have cited.

28c Sample Empirical Research Paper–APA

Chapter 29: CMS Documentation

29a How CMS documentation works

29b Using CMS footnotes and endnotes

1 Insert a raised note number after each cited passage.

2 Document a source fully in the first note mentioning it.

3 Shorten subsequent notes for sources you’ve already fully documented.

4 Use in-text parenthetical notes for numerous citations of one source.

29c Formatting CMS footnotes and endnotes

29d Formating CMS bibliographies

29e Sample literary analysis–CMS

PART 7 Grammar

Chapter 30: Key Grammatical Terms

Chapter 31: Sentence Errors

31a Sentence Fragments

31b Intentional Fragments

31c Comma Splices

31d Run-On Sentences

Chapter 32: Modifiers

32a Misplaced and Dangling Modifying Phrases

32b Placement of Adjectives

32c Problems with Adjectives

32d Absolute Adjectives

32e Forms of Adverbs

32f Placement Of Adverbs

32g Double Negatives

32h Comparatives and Superlatives

Chapter 33: Subject-Verb Agreement

33a Agreement With Singular and Plural Subjects

33b Agreement With Indefinite Pronouns

33c Agreement With Collective Nouns

33d Agreement When the Subject is Hard to Identify

Chapter 34: Verb Tense, Voice, and Mood

34a Verb Tenses

34b Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

34c Verb Forms

34d Conditionals

34e Active and Passive Voice

34f Subjunctive Mood

Chapter 35: Pronouns

35a Pronoun Reference

35b Pronoun Agreement

35c Pronoun Case

35d That, Which, and Who

Chapter 36: Suggestions for ESOL Writers

36a Common ESOL problem areas

36b Verbs

36c Modals

36d Gerunds and Infinitives

36e Prepositional Phrases

36f Nouns, Articles, and Quantifiers

PART 8 Punctuation and Mechanics

Chapter 37: End Punctuation

37a Periods

37b Question Marks

37c Exclamation Marks

Chapter 38: Commas

38a Commas to Separate

38b Commas To Enclose

38c Commas To Connect

38d Unnecessary Commas

Chapter 39: Semicolons and Colons

39a Semicolons

39b Colons

Chapter 40: Quotation Marks and Ellipses

40a Quotation Marks

40b Ellipses

Chapter 41: Parentheses and Brackets

41a Parentheses

41b Brackets

Chapter 42: Dashes, Hyphens, and Slashes

42a Em Dashes

42b En Dashes

42c Hyphens

42d Slashes

Chapter 43: Italics and Capitalization

43a Italics

43b Capitalization

Chapter 44: Apostrophes, Abbreviations, and Numbers

44a Apostrophes

44b Abbreviations

44c Numbers

Chapter 45: Spelling

45a Spell Checkers

45b Spelling Problems

45c Dictionary and Thesaurus

Part 9: Exercises

Part 10: Glossary of Usage and Index

Glossary of Usage

Index

Directories to MLA and APA Notes–Alphabetical