The American Journey: Teaching and Learning Classoom Book

1. Worlds Apart.

Native American Societies before 1492

Paleo-Indians and the Archaic Period

The Development of Agriculture

Nonfarming Societies

Mesoamerican Civilizations

North America’s Diverse Cultures

The Caribbean Islanders

West African Societies

Geographical and Political Differences

Family Structure and Religion

European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade

Western Europe on the Eve of Exploration

The Consolidation of Political and Military Authority

Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation

Contact

The Lure of Discovery

Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to Asia

The Spanish Conquest and Colonization

The Columbian Exchange Cultural Perceptions and Misperceptions Competition for a Continent Early French Efforts in North America English Attempts in the New World

2. Transplantation, 1600-1685.

The French in North America

The Quest for Furs and Converts

The Development of New France

The Dutch Overseas Empire

The Dutch East India Company

The West India Company and New Netherland

English Settlement in the Chesapeake

The Ordeal of Early Virginia

The Importance of Tobacco

Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics

Life in the Chesapeake Colonies

The Founding of New England

The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony and Its Offshoots

Families, Farms, and Communities in Early New England

Competition in the Caribbean

Sugar and Slaves

A Biracial Society

The Restoration Colonies

Early Carolina: Colonial Aristocracy and Slave Labor

Pennsylvania: The Dream of Toleration and Peace

New Netherland Becomes New York

3. The Creation of New Worlds.

Indians and Europeans

Indian Workers in the Spanish Borderlands

The Web of Trade

Displacing Native Americans in the English Colonies

Bringing Christianity to Native Peoples

After the First Hundred Years: Conflict and War

Africans and Europeans

Labor Needs and the Turn to Slavery

The Shock of Enslavement

African Slaves in the New World

African American Families and Communities

Resistance and Rebellion

European Laborers in Early America

A Spectrum of Control

New European Immigrants

4. Convergence and Conflict, 1660s-1763.

Economic Development and Imperial Trade in the British Colonies

The Regulation of Trade

The Colonial Export Trade and the Spirit of Enterprise

The Import Trade and Ties of Credit

Becoming More Like Britain: The Growth of Cities and Inequality

The Transformation of Culture

Goods and Houses

Shaping Minds and Manners

Colonial Religion and the Great Awakening

The Colonial Political World

The Dominion of New England and the Limits of British Control

The Legacy of the Glorious Revolution

Diverging Politics in the Colonies and Great Britain

Expanding Empires

British Colonists in the Backcountry

The Spanish in Texas and California

The French along the Mississippi and in Louisiana

A Century of Warfare

Imperial Conflict and the Establishment of an American Balance of Power, 1689–1738

King George’s War Shifts the Balance, 1739–1754

The French and Indian War, 1754–1760: A Decisive Victory

The Triumph of the British Empire, 1763

5. Imperial Breakdown, 1763-1774.

Imperial Reorganization

British Problems

Dealing with the New Territories

The Status of Native Americans

Curbing the Assemblies

The Sugar and Stamp Acts

American Reactions

Constitutional Issues

Taxation and the Political Culture

Protesting the Taxes

The Aftermath of the Stamp Act Crisis

A Strained Relationship

Regulator Movements

The Townshend Crisis

Townshend’s Plan

American Boycott

The Boston Massacre

The “Quiet Period”

The Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts

The Road to Revolution

Protestantism and the American Response to the Intolerable Acts

The First Continental Congress

The Continental Association

Political Divisions

6. The War for Independence, 1774-1783.

The Outbreak of War and the Declaration of Independence, 1774–1776

Mounting Tensions

The Loyalists’ Dilemma

British Coercion and Conciliation

The Battles of Lexington and Concord

The Second Continental Congress, 1775–1776

Commander in Chief George Washington

Early Fighting: Massachusetts, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Canada

Independence

Religion, Virtue, and Republicanism

The Combatants

Professional Soldiers

Women in the Contending Armies

African-American Participation in the War

Native Americans and the War

The War in the North, 1776–1777

Britain Hesitates: Crucial Battles in New York and New Jersey

The Year of the Hangman: Victory at Saratoga and Winter at Valley Forge

The War Widens, 1778–1781

The United States Gains an Ally

Fighting on the Frontier and at Sea

The Land War Moves South

American Counterattacks

The American Victory, 1782–1783

The Peace of Paris

The Components of Success

The War and Society, 1775–1783

The Women’s War

Effect of the War on African Americans

The War’s Impact on Native Americans

Economic Disruption

The Price of Victory

7. The First Republic, 1776-1789.

The New Order of Republicanism

Defining the People

The State Constitutions

The Articles of Confederation

Problems at Home

The Fiscal Crisis

Economic Depression

The Economic Policies of the States

Congress and the West

Diplomatic Weaknesses

Impasse with Britain

Spain and the Mississippi River

Toward a New Union

The Road to Philadelphia

The Convention at Work

Overview of the Constitution

The Struggle over Ratification

8. A New Republic and the Rise of the Parties, 1789-1800.

Washington’s America

The Uniformity of New England

The Pluralism of the Mid-Atlantic Region

The Slave South and Its Backcountry

The Growing West

Forging a New Government

Mr. President” and the Bill of Rights

Departments and Courts

Revenue and Trade

Hamilton and the Public Credit

Reaction and Opposition

The Emergence of Parties

The French Revolution

Securing the Frontier

The Whiskey Rebellion

Treaties with Britain and Spain

The First Partisan Election

The Last Federalist Administration

The French Crisis and the XYZ Affair

Crisis at Home

The End of the Federalists

9. The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism, 1800-1824.

Jefferson’s Presidency

Reform at Home

The Louisiana Purchase

Florida and Western Schemes

Embargo and a Crippled Presidency

Madison and the Coming of War

The Failure of Economic Sanctions

The Frontier and Indian Resistance

Decision for War

The War of 1812

Setbacks in Canada

Western Victories and British Offensives

The Treaty of Ghent and the Battle of New Orleans

The Era of Good Feelings

Economic Nationalism

Judicial Nationalism

Toward a Continental Empire

The Breakdown of Unity

The Panic of 1819

The Missouri Compromise

The Election of 1824

10. The Jacksonian Era, 1824-1845.

The Egalitarian Impulse

The Extension of White Male Democracy

The Popular Religious Revolt

The Rise of the Jacksonians

Jackson’s Presidency

Jackson’s Appeal

Indian Removal

The Nullification Crisis

The Bank War

Van Buren and Hard Times

The Panic of 1837

The Independent Treasury

Uproar over Slavery

The Rise of the Whig Party

The Party Taking Shape

Whig Persuasion

The Election of 1840

The Whigs in Power

Harrison and Tyler

The Texas Issue

The Election of 1844

11. Slavery and the Old South, 1800-1860.

The Lower South

Cotton and Slaves

The Profits of Slavery

The Upper South

A Period of Economic Adjustment

The Decline of Slavery

Slave Life and Culture

Work Routines and Living Conditions

Families and Religion

Resistance

Free Society

The Slaveholding Minority

The White Majority

Free Black People

The Proslavery Argument

Religious Arguments

Racial Arguments

12. The Market Revolution and Social Reform, 1815-1850.

Industrial Change and Urbanization

The Transportation Revolution

Cities and Immigrants

The Industrial Revolution

Growing Inequality and New Classes

Reform and Moral Order

The Benevolent Empire

The Temperance Movement

Women’s Role in Reform

Backlash against Benevolence

Institutions and Social Improvement

School Reform

Prisons, Workhouses, and Asylums

Utopian Alternatives

A Distinctly National Literature

Abolitionism and Women’s Rights

Rejecting Colonization

Abolitionism

The Women’s Rights Movement

Political Antislavery

13. The Way West.

The Agricultural Frontier

The Crowded East

The Old Northwest

The Old Southwest

The Frontier of the Plains Indians

Tribal Lands

The Fur Traders

The Oregon Trail

The Mexican Borderlands

The Peoples of the Southwest

The Americanization of Texas

The Push into California and the Southwest

Politics, Expansion, and War

Manifest Destiny

The Mexican War

14. The Politics of Sectionalism, 1846-1861.

Slavery in the Territories

The Wilmot Proviso

The Election of 1848

The Gold Rush

The Compromise of 1850

Response to the Fugitive Slave Act

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The Election of 1852

Political Realignment

Young America’s Foreign Misadventures

Stephen Douglas’s Railroad Proposal

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

“Bleeding Kansas”

Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics

The Election of 1856

The Dred Scott Case

The Lecompton Constitution

The Religious Revival of 1857—58

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

The Road to Disunion

North-South Differences

John Brown’s Raid

The Election of 1860

Secession Begins

Presidential Inaction

Peace Proposals

Lincoln’s Views on Secession

Fort Sumter: The Tug Comes

15. Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War, 1861-1865.

Mobilization, North and South

War Fever

The North’s Advantage in Resources

Leaders, Governments, and Strategies

The Early War, 1861–1862

First Bull Run

The War in the West

Reassessing the War: The Human Toll

The War in the East

Turning Points, 1862–1863

The Naval War and the Diplomatic War

Antietam

Emancipation

From Fredericksburg to Gettysburg

Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the West

The War Transforms the North

Wartime Legislation and Politics

The Northern Economy

Northern Women and the War

The Confederacy Disintegrates

Southern Politics

Southern Faith

The Southern Economy

Southern Women and the War

The Union Prevails, 1864–1865

Grant’s Plan to End the War

The Election of 1864 and Sherman’s March

The Road to Appomattox and the Death of Lincoln

16. Reconstruction, 1865-1877.

White Southerners and the Ghosts of the Confederacy, 1865

More than Freedom: African-American Aspirations in 1865

Education

Forty Acres and a Mule”

Migration to Cities

Faith and Freedom

Federal Reconstruction, 1865—1870

Presidential Reconstruction, 1865—1867

Congressional Reconstruction, 1867—1870

Southern Republican Governments 1867—1870

Counter-Reconstruction, 1870—1874

The Uses of Violence

Northern Indifference

Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872

Economic Transformation

Redemption, 1874—1877

The Democrats’ Violent Resurgence

The Weak Federal Response

The Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877

The Memory of Reconstruction

The Failed Promise of Reconstruction

Modest Gains and Future Victories

17. A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition, 1877-1900.
The Newness of the New South

An Industrial and Urban South

The Limits of Industrial and Urban Growth

Farms to Cities: Impact on Southern Society

The Southern Agrarian Revolt

Cotton and Credit

Southern Farmers Organize, 1877—1892

Women in the New South

Church Work and Preserving Memories

Women’s Clubs

Settling the Race Issue

The Fluidity of Southern Race Relations, 1877—1890

The White Backlash

Lynch Law

Segregation by Law

Disfranchisement

A National Consensus on Race

Response of the Black Community

18. Industry, Immigrants, and Cities, 1870-1900.
Mary Antin

New Industry

Inventing Technology: The Electric Age

The Corporation and Its Impact

The Changing Nature of Work

Child Labor

Working Women

Responses to Poverty and Wealth

Workers Organize

New Immigrants

Old World Backgrounds

Cultural Connections in a New World

The Job

Nativism

Roots of the Great Migration

New Cities

Centers and Suburbs

The New Middle Class

A Consumer Society

The Growth of Leisure Activities

The Ideal City

19. Transforming the West, 1865-1890.

Andrew J. Russell

Subjugating Native Americans

Tribes and Cultures

Federal Indian Policy

Warfare and Dispossession

Life on the Reservation: Americanization

Exploiting the Mountains: The Mining Bonanza

Rushes and Mining Camps

Labor and Capital

Using the Grass: The Cattle Kingdom

Cattle Drives and Cow Towns

Rise and Fall of Open-Range Ranching

Cowhands and Capitalists

Working the Earth: Homesteaders and Agricultural Expansion

Settling the Land

Home on the Range

Farming the Land

20. Politics and Government, 1877-1900.

Horace and William H. Taft

The Structure and Style of Politics

Campaigns and Elections

Partisan Politics

Associational Politics

The Limits of Government

The Weak Presidency

The Inefficient Congress

The Federal Bureaucracy and the Spoils System

Inconsistent State Government

Public Policies and National Elections

Civil Service Reform

The Political Life of the Tariff

The Beginnings of Federal Regulation

The Money Question

The Crisis of the 1890s

Farmers Protest Inequities

The People’s Party

The Challenge of the Depression

The Battle of the Standards and the Election of 1896

21. The Progressive Era, 1900-1917.

General Rosalie Jones

The Ferment of Reform

The Context of Reform: Industrial and Urban Tensions

Church and Campus

Muckrakers

The Gospel of Efficiency

Labor Demands Its Rights

Extending the Woman’s Sphere

Transatlantic Influences

Socialism

Opponents of Reform

Reforming Society

Settlement Houses and Urban Reform

Protective Legislation for Women and Children

Reshaping Public Education

Challenging Gender Restrictions

Reforming Country Life

Moral Crusades and Social Control

For Whites Only?

Reforming Politics and Government

Woman Suffrage

Electoral Reform

Municipal Reform

Progressive State Government

Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Presidency

TR and the Modern Presidency

Roosevelt and Labor

Managing Natural Resources

Corporate Regulation

Taft and the Insurgents

Woodrow Wilson and Progressive Reform

The Election of 1912

Implementing the New Freedom

The Expansion of Reform

22. Creating an Empire, 1865-1917.

Major-General Leonard Wood

The Roots of Imperialism

Ideological and Religious Arguments

Strategic Concerns

Economic Designs

First Steps

Seward and Blaine

Hawaii

Chile and Venezuela

The Spanish-American War

The Cuban Revolution

Growing Tensions

War and Empire

The Treaty of Paris

Imperial Ambitions: The United States and East Asia, 1899–1917

The Filipino-American War

China and the Open Door

Rivalry with Japan and Russia

Imperial Power: The United States and Latin America, 1899–1917

U.S. Rule in Puerto Rico

Cuba as a U.S. Protectorate

The Panama Canal

The Roosevelt Corollary

Dollar Diplomacy

Wilsonian Interventions

23. America and the Great War, 1914-1920.

Ray Stannard Baker

Waging Neutrality

The Origins of Conflict

American Attitudes

The Economy of War

The Diplomacy of Neutrality

The Battle over Preparedness

The Election of 1916

Descent into War

Waging War in America

Managing the War Economy

Women and Minorities: New Opportunities, Old Inequities

Financing the War

Conquering Minds

Suppressing Dissent

Waging War and Peace Abroad

The War to End All Wars

The Fourteen Points

The Paris Peace Conference

Waging Peace at Home

Battle over the League

Economic Readjustment and Social Conflict

Red Scare

The Election of 1920

24. Toward a Modern America: The 1920s.

The Economy That Roared

Boom Industries

Corporate Consolidation

Open Shops and Welfare Capitalism

Sick Industries

The Business of Government

Republican Ascendancy

Government Corruption

Coolidge Prosperity

The Fate of Reform

Cities and Suburbs

Expanding Cities

The Great Black Migration

Barrios

The Road to Suburbia

Mass Culture in the Jazz Age

Advertising the Consumer Society

Leisure and Entertainment

The New Morality

The Searching Twenties

Culture Wars

Nativism and Immigration Restriction

The Ku Klux Klan

Prohibition and Crime

Old-Time Religion and the Scopes Trial

A New Era in the World?

War Debts and Economic Expansion

Rejecting War

Managing the Hemisphere

Herbert Hoover and the Final Triumph of the New Era

25. The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939.

Hard Times in Hooverville

Crash!

The Depression Spreads

“Women’s Jobs” and “Men’s Jobs”

Families in the Depression

“Last Hired, First Fired”

Protest

Herbert Hoover and the Depression

The Failure of Voluntarism

Repudiating Hoover: The 1932 Election

Launching the New Deal

Action Now!

Creating Jobs

Helping Some Farmers

The Flight of the Blue Eagle

Critics Right and Left

Consolidating the New Deal

Weeding Out and Lifting Up

Expanding Relief

The Roosevelt Coalition and the Election of 1936

The New Deal and American Life

Labor on the March

Women and the New Deal

Minorities and the New Deal

The New Deal: North, South, East, and West

The New Deal and Public Activism

Ebbing of the New Deal

Challenging the Court

More Hard Times

Political Stalemate

Good Neighbors and Hostile Forces

Neutrality and Fascism

Edging Toward Involvement

26. World War II, 1939-1945.
The Dilemmas of Neutrality

The Roots of War

Hitler’s War in Europe

Trying to Keep Out

Edging Toward Intervention

The Brink of War

December 7, 1941

Holding the Line

Stopping Germany

The Survival of Britain

Retreat and Stabilization in the Pacific

Mobilizing for Victory

Organizing the Economy

The Enlistment of Science

Men and Women in the Military

The Home Front

Families in Wartime

Learning about the War

Women in the Workforce

Ethnic Minorities in the War Effort

Clashing Cultures

Internment of Japanese Americans

The End of the New Deal

War and Peace

Turning the Tide in Europe

Operation OVERLORD

Victory and Tragedy in Europe

The Pacific War

Searching for Peace

How the Allies Won

27. The Cold War at Home and Abroad, 1946-1952.

Launching the Great Boom

Reconversion Chaos

Economic Policy

The GI Bill

Assembly-Line Neighborhoods

Steps Toward Civil Rights

Consumer Boom and Baby Boom

Truman, Republicans, and the Fair Deal

Truman’s Opposition

Whistle-Stopping across America

Truman’s Fair Deal

Confronting the Soviet Union

The End of the Grand Alliance

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

Soviet Reactions

American Rearmament

Cold War and Hot War

The Nuclear Shadow

The Cold War in Asia

NSC-68 and Aggressive Containment

War in Korea, 1950–1953

The Politics of War

The Second Red Scare

The Communist Party and the Loyalty Program

Naming Names to Congress

Subversion Trials

Senator McCarthy on Stage

Understanding McCarthyism

28. The Confident Years, 1953-1964.

A Decade of Affluence

What’s Good for General Motors

Reshaping Urban America

Comfort on Credit

The New Fifties Family

Inventing Teenagers

Turning to Religion

The Gospel of Prosperity

The Underside of Affluence

Facing Off with the Soviet Union

Why We Liked Ike

A Balance of Terror

Containment in Action

Global Standoff

John F. Kennedy and the Cold War

The Kennedy Mystique

Kennedy’s Mistakes

Getting into Vietnam

Missile Crisis: A Line Drawn in the Waves

Science and Foreign Affairs

Righteousness Like a Mighty Stream: The Struggle for Civil Rights

Getting to the Supreme Court

Deliberate Speed

Public Accommodations

The March on Washington, 1963

“Let Us Continue”

Dallas, 1963

War on Poverty

Civil Rights, 1964—1965

War, Peace, and the Landslide of 1964

29. Shaken to the Roots, 1965-1980.

The End of Consensus

Deeper into Vietnam

Voices of Dissent

New Left and Community Activism

Youth Culture and Counterculture

Sounds of Change

Communes and Cults

The Feminist Critique

Coming Out

Cities under Stress

Diagnosing an Urban Crisis

Conflict in the Streets

Minority Self-Determination

Suburban Independence: The Outer City

The Year of the Gun, 1968

The Tet Offensive

LBJ’s Exit

Violence and Politics: King, Kennedy, and Chicago

Nixon, Watergate, and the Crisis of the Early 1970s

Getting Out of Vietnam, 1969–1975

Nixon and the Wider World

Courting Middle America

Oil, OPEC, and Stagflation

Americans as Environmentalists

From Dirty Tricks to Watergate

The Ford Footnote

Jimmy Carter: Idealism and Frustration in the White House

Carter, Energy, and the Economy

Closed Factories and Failing Farms

Building a Cooperative World

New Crises Abroad

30. The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World, 1981-1992.

Reagan’s Domestic Revolution

Reagan’s Majority

The New Conservatism

Reaganomics: Deficits and Deregulation

Crisis for Organized Labor

An Acquisitive Society

Mass Media and Fragmented Culture

Poverty amid Prosperity

Consolidating the Revolution: George Bush

The Second (Short) Cold War

Confronting the Soviet Union

Risky Business: Foreign Policy Adventures

Embracing Perestroika

Crisis and Democracy in Eastern Europe

The Persian Gulf War

Growth in the Sunbelt

The Defense Economy

Americans from around the World

Old Gateways and New

The Graying of America

Values in Collision

Women’s Rights and Public Policy

AIDS and Gay Activism

Churches in Change

Culture Wars

31. Complacency, Crisis, and Global Reengagement,1993–2007.

Politics of the Center

The Election of 1992: A New Generation

Policing the World

Clinton’s Neoliberalism

Contract with America and the Election of 1996

The Dangers of Everyday Life

Morality and Partisanship

A New Economy?

The Prosperous 1990s

The Service Economy

The High-Tech Sector

An Instant Society

In the World Market

Broadening Democracy

Americans in 2000

Women from the Grassroots to Congress

Minorities at the Ballot Box

Rights and Opportunities

Illegal Immigration and Bilingual Education Affirmative Action

Edging into a New Century

The 2000 Election

Reaganomics Revisited

Downsized Diplomacy

Paradoxes of Power

9-11-01

Security and Conflict

Iraq and Conflicts in the Middle East

2004 and After