An Introduction to Literature Book

	Preface
1	Reading and Responding to Literature	3
2	Writing about Literature: From Idea to Essay	17
3	Approaching Fiction: Responding in Writing	47
4	Stories and Meanings: Plot, Character, Theme	56
5	Narrative Point of View	74
6	Allegory and Symbolism	92
7	In Brief: Writing about Fiction	112
8	Two Fiction Writers in Depth: Flannery O'Connor and Raymond Carver	127
9	A Collection of Short Fiction	198
10	The Novel	495
11	Approaching Poetry: Responding in Writing	501
12	Lyric Poetry	508
13	The Speaking Tone of Voice	529
14	Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Apostrophe	552
15	Imagery and Symbolism	569
16	Irony	585
17	Rhythm and Versification	599
18	In Brief: Writing about Poetry	617
19	Poetry and Translation	624
20	A Collection of Poems	640
21	Three Poets in Depth: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston Hughes	734
22	Some Elements of Drama	777
23	Tragedy	795
24	Comedy	977
25	In Brief: Writing about Drama	1044
26	Plays and Contexts	1060
27	Critical Approaches: The Nature of Criticism	1403
28	Critical Perspectives on Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness: A Casebook	1426
Appendix A	Remarks about Manuscript Form	1507
Appendix B	Writing a Research Paper	1513
	Appendix C Glossary of Literary Terms	1532
	Acknowledgments	1545
	Index of Critical Terms	1557
	Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems	1562