Educational Leadership: A Bridge to Improved Practice Book

Preface

1 Administrative Theory, Values Clarification, and Leadership Responsibility

• Flem Snopes High School: A New Administrative Team

Educational Leadership

Human Capital and the Accumulated Knowledge Base

Administrative Process and Knowledge

Philosophical Frames and Epistemological Influences

Paradigms and the Scientific-Rational Approach

Political, Critical, and Constructivist Frames of Reference

Critical-Contextual, Gender, and Race

Postmodernism, Poststructuralism

• Grounding Moral Educational Leadership in the Intrinsically Moral Enterprise of Learning, by Robert J. Starratt

Ethical Models

The Ethic of Caring

The Ethic of Justice

The Ethic of Critique

Foundations of Ethical Behavior: Standards for Good Practice

Codes of Ethics

Administrative Platforms

The Knowledge Base in Educational Administration

• The Knowledge Base in Educational Administration: by Robert Donmoyer, The University of San Diego

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

2 Context and Perspective for Educational Leaders

• Nanuck Middle School: Understanding the Context

Contextual Knowledge

Broad, Complex Context

Federal Turning-Points

Education Origins

Land Grant

Relief

National Defense

Equal Educational Opportunity

World Class Economic Competitiveness and Support–1980 to Present

Establishing National Goals

• Thoughts for Leaders of Educational Institutions in Transition, by Luvern L. Cunningham, Novice G. Fawcett Professor of Educational Administration (Emeritus), The Ohio State University

The 1990s and Beyond

No Child Left Behind

New Technological Demands

State Roles and Responses

Equity and Social Justice

Challenges in the Twenty-First Century

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

3 School Reform

• Scrivner Middle School: Reform at Scrivner

• Leading Innovative Schools, by Stephanie Pace Marshall, Ph.D., Mathematics and Science Academy, Aurora, Illinois

The Context for School Reform

Finding New Directions

Common Themes in a Changing World

Innovative Programs

Other Innovative Models and Their Benefits

• A Framework for School Improvement, by Carl Glickman, Lew Allen, and James Weiss, The University of Georgia

Harnessing Technology

Technology Opens New Opportunities

Administrative Applications

• Wilson Elementary School District: Five Steps to a Successful Technology Program, by Jane M. Juliano, Ph.D., Principal, Wilson Charter High School, Phoenix, Arizona

The Leadership Challenge

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

4 Diversity and Community Relations

• Oakes High School: Cultures Clash in Fairhaven

Diversity in Schools

Socioeconomic Status and Social Class

U.S. Population Demographics

Cultural Identity

Cultural Transitions

Sexual Identity

Prejudice and Discrimination

Discrimination in Schools

Competing Perspectives: Theories, Models, and Approaches to Race, Class, and Gender

Cultural Deficiency Approach

Cultural Difference Approach

Human Relations Approach

Single-Group Studies Approach

Multicultural Education Approach

Social Justice Education Approach

Segregation, Desegregation, and Integration

Magnet Schools

Language Diversity in U.S. Schools: Program Options

English Language Learners in U.S. Public Schools

English Only, English Plus, and Programs for Nonstandard English Speakers

• Developing Programs of School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Administrators Make a Difference, by Joyce L. Epstein, Director, Center on School, Family, and Community Partnerships, Johns Hopkins University

Connecting Schools and Community Organizations

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

5 School District Organizational Structure and Leadership

• Alta Vista School: Data Disaggregation

The Local Role

The Local School Division

The School Board

The School Division Superintendent

Central Office Operations

• Local School Structures and Arrangements, by Marilyn Tallerico, Syracuse University

The School Administrator

Changing Roles

Critical Incidents

Politics of the Principalship

Principal: Instructional Leader or School Manager?

School Safety Audit

• Putting “Cs” into the Village, by Paul C. Houston, Ed.D., Executive Director, American Association of School Administrators

Parental Involvement

Assistant Principal (AP)

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

Appendix 5.A: The Joint AASA—NSBA Superintendent Guidelines

6 Leadership Theory and Practice

• Atlas Shrug High School: Failing Health

Assessing Leadership Characteristics

Paradigms of Leadership: A Growing Knowledge Base

Leadership Instrument Analyses

McGregor’s Theories X and Y

NREL Behavior Matrix

Early Studies

The Ohio State Studies

The New Managerial Grid

Situational and Contingency Leadership

University of Michigan Studies

Recent Works on Leadership

Search for Excellence

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People and Alignment

The Learning Organization

The New Science of Leadership

Total Quality Management (TQM)

School-Based Management (SBM)

Cultural Leadership

Transformational Leadership

Leadership Traits or Skills

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

Appendix 6.A: Directions for Scoring Box 6.1: The X—Y Scale

Appendix 6.B: Directions for Interpreting Box 6.4: The Behavior Matrix

Appendix 6.C: Directions for Scoring Box 6.5: Leadership Behavior Survey

Appendix 6.D: Directions for Scoring Box 6.6: Measuring Preferred Management Styles

Appendix 6.E: Twenty-One Combined Domains of Effective School Leadership

7 Successful School Leadership

• Packer Middle School: An Interview for a Principalship

Leadership Matters

Adult Learning

Effective School Leadership Practices

• Leadership and the Change Process, by Michael Fullan, University of Toronto

Structures That Provide Opportunities for Teacher Collaboration

Study Groups

Instructional Walk-Throughs

Teacher Conferences

School Visitations

District and/or School Instructional Conferences

• Principals as Instructional Leaders: Modeling and Supporting Teaching and Learning, by Paul V. Bredeson, University of Wisconsin—Madison

Supporting the Change Process

The Teacher Selection Process

Conclusion

Endnote

Terms

Suggested Readings

8 Program Development, Delivery, and Assessment

• XXXX Elementary School: Program Improvement

Conceptions of Academic Achievement

Theories of Intelligence

Types of Knowledge

Learning Transfer 1

Constructivism: A New Conception of Learning

Building a Culture of Learning

Teaching and Learning Approaches

Apprenticeship Learning

Cooperative Learning

Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning

Curriculum Design and Educational Programming

Functions of Curriculum

• Principal as Curriculum Leader, by Allan A. Glatthorn, University of East Carolina

The Standards Movement

Curricular and Instructional Change

Developing Curriculum and Programs

Designing and Managing the Curriculum

• Seeing the Curriculum Whole: The Function of a Real Educational Leader, by Laurel N. Tanner, Temple University

Program Improvement and Evaluation

Utilizing Time

Year-Round Education

Block Scheduling

Looping

Time on Task

Assessing Student Progress

Portfolios

• Assessing Student Performance, by Grant Wiggins, President and Director for the Center on Learning Assessment and School Structure (C.L.A.S.S.)

Reporting Student Progress

Presenting Student Outcomes to the Community

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

9 Pupil Personnel Services

• Edgar Allen Poe Middle School: Special Education

Pupil Personnel—Student Service Team

Counseling, Guidance, Psychological Services

Special Education and Remedial Instruction

Inclusion

• Leadership for Special Services, by Judy Mantle, University of San Diego

School Health Services

Child Accounting and School Safety

School Security

Student Discipline

Pupil Appraisal, Testing, and Diagnostics

Extracurricular Activities

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

10 Human Resource Management

• Lincoln Elementary School: Staffing Problems

Taking Care of the Staff

Job Analysis, Classification, and Staff Planning

Job Analysis

Job Classification

Staff Planning

Recruitment

Selection

Alternative Selection Approaches

Performance Appraisal and Evaluation

Planning the Evaluation

Collecting Information

Using Information

Staff Development

Employee Assistance and Wellness Programs

• Human Resource Administration in the Third Millennium, by Ronald Rebore, St. Louis University

Organizational Development

Wage and Salary Considerations

Benefits

Collective Bargaining

Employee Records and Reports

Employee Litigation

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

11 Laws and Policies

• XXX I.S.D: Not Following School Board Policy

Legal Responsibility

Learning about Schools and Legal Issues

The U.S. Legal System

Federal Role in Education

Federal Courts

• Understanding Court Decisions, by Perry A. Zirkel and Kathleen A. Sullivan, Lehigh University

The State’s Legal Role in Education

State Legislatures, Administrative Agencies, and Local Boards of Control

School Districts and Litigation

Legal Issues and Schools

Due Process

Freedom of Speech and Expression

Discipline and Students with Disabilities

The Confidentiality of Student Records

• Teacher and Student Freedom of Expression, by Frank Kmerer, University of San Diego

Torts

Monitoring Compliance with Policies and Procedures

• Legal and Ethical Dimensions of Educational Leadership, by Martha McCarthy, Indiana University

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

Court Cases

12 Resource Allocation and Management

• Oceanview School District: Identifying Funding Sources for Meadows High

Financing Schools

Taxes

Federal Involvement in Financing Schools

State Involvement in Financing Schools

Local Involvement in Financing Schools

Vouchers

Nontraditional Revenue Sources

School Foundations

Revenue Sources for Independent Schools

• Obtaining Funding for Educational Programs, by Harvey B. Polansky, Ph.D., Superintendent of Schools, Southington, Connecticut

Grant Writing

Budgeting, Accounting, and Facility Management

The Budgeting Process

Types of Budgeting

Line-Item Budgeting

Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS) 34

Zero-Based Budgeting

Incremental Budgeting

Trends in Budgeting and Management

Activity Funds

Fiscal Accounting

The Audit

• Acquiring, Allocating, and Accounting for Resources, by Richard A. King, University of Northern Colorado

Managing School Supplies and Equipment

Maintaining School Buildings and Grounds

Conclusion

Portfolio Artifacts

Terms

Suggested Readings

13 Problem-Based Learning Projects

Problem-Based Learning

• Problem-Based Learning in Educational Leadership, by Ed Bridges, Stanford University, and Philip Hallinger, Vanderbilt University

Facilitating Groups

• Understanding Group Process, by Cheryl Getz, University of San Diego

• Project 1: Safe Havens: Developing School-Based Health Clinics, by Ellen Smith Sloan, Southern Connecticut State University

• Project 2: A Jalapeño in a Candy Jar: Addressing Cultural Diversity, by Paula A. Cordeiro, University of San Diego

• Project 3: Atoms and Bits: A Technology Project, by Barbara S. Campbell, Wolcott Public School, Connecticut

• Project 4: Data Management and Analysis (DMA) and Decision Making at Madison High School, by William G. Cunningham, Old Dominion University

• Project 5: Marveling at the Results: Power, Roles, Relationships, and School Reform, by William G. Cunningham, Old Dominion University

References and Bibliography

Name Index

Subject Index