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1. READING A STORY
Fable, Parable, and Tales
W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra
Aesop, The North Wind and the Sun
Bidpai, The Camel and His Friends
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death
The Short Story
John Updike, A & P
Writing Effectively
Writing About Plot
Paying Attention to Plot
Checklist: Analyzing Plot
Writing Assignment on Plot
More Topics For Writing
2. POINT OF VIEW
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart
Writing Effectively
Writing About Point of View
How Point of View Shapes a Story
Checklist: Understanding Point of View
Writing Assignment on Point of View
More Topics for Writing
3. CHARACTER
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
Writing Effectively
Writing About Character
How Character Creates Action
Checklist: Writing About Character
Writing Assignment on Character
More Topics For Writing
4. SETTING
Kate Chopin, The Storm
T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets
Writing Effectively
Writing About Setting
The Importance of Setting
Checklist: Analyzing Setting
Writing Assignment on Setting
More Topics For Writing
5. TONE AND STYLE
Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
William Faulkner, Barn Burning
Irony
O. Henry, Gift of the Magi
Ha Jin, Saboteur
Writing Effectively
Writing About Tone and Style
Be Style Conscious
Checklist: Thinking about Style and Tone
Writing Assignment on Tone and Style
More Topics For Writing
6. THEME
Chinua Achebe, Dead Men’s Path
Luke 15: 11-32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron
Writing Effectively
Writing About Theme
Stating the Theme
Checklist: Determining a Story’s Theme
Writing Assignment on Theme
More Topics For Writing
7. SYMBOL
John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums
Shirley Jackson, The Lottery
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Writing Effectively
Writing About Symbols
Recognizing Symbols
Checklist: Thinking about Symbols
Writing Assignment on Symbols
More Topics For Writing
8. STORIES FOR FURTHER READING
Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Sandra Cisneros, House on Mango Street
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat
James Joyce, Araby
Franz Kafka, Before the Law
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried
Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Octavio Paz, My Life with the Wave
Eudora Welty, The Worn Path
Poetry
9. READING A POEM
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Lyric Poetry
D. H. Lawrence, Piano
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
Narrative Poetry
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost, “Out, Out–”
Dramatic Poetry
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
Writing Effectively
Writing a Paraphrase
Can a Poem be Paraphrased?
William Stafford, Ask Me
William Stafford, A Paraphrase of "Ask Me"
Checklist: Paraphrasing a Poem
Writing Assignment on Paraphrase
More Topics for Writing
10. LISTENING TO A VOICE
Tone
Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz
Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know
Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book
Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter
Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles
Benjamin Alire Sáenz, To the Desert
Weldon Kees, For My Daughter
The Person in the Poem
Natasha Trethewey, White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal
Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting
Suji Kwock Kim, Monologue for an Onion
Langston Hughes, Theme for English B
Anne Sexton, Her Kind
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
Irony
Robert Creeley, Oh No
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen
Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig
Thomas Hardy, The Workbox
For Review and Further Study
Francisco X. Alarcón, The X in My Name
Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
Writing Effectively
Writing About Voice
Listening to Tone
Checklist: Analyzing Tone
Writing Assignment on Tone
More Topics for Writing
11. WORDS
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say
Marianne Moore, Silence
Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!
John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
The Value of a Dictionary
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath
J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
Carl Sandburg, Grass
Word Choice and Word Order
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes
Kay Ryan, Blandeur
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid
Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment
Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts
For Review and Further Study
E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
Anonymous, Carnation Milk
Gina Valdés, English con Salsa
Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky
Writing Effectively
Writing About Diction
Every Word Counts
Checklist: Thinking About Word Choice
Writing Assignment on Word Choice
More Topics for Writing
12. SAYING AND SUGGESTING
John Masefield, Cargoes
William Blake, London
Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O’clock
Gwendolyn Brooks, Southeast Corner
Timothy Steele, Epitaph
E. E. Cummings, next to of course to god america i
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears
Writing Effectively
Writing About Denotation and Connotation
The Ways a Poem Suggests
Checklist: Analyzing What a Poem Says and Suggests
Writing Assignment on Denotation and Connotation
More Topics for Writing
13. IMAGERY
Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro
Taniguchi Buson, The piercing chill I feel
T. S. Eliot, The winter evening settles down
Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar
Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish
Anne Stevenson, The Victory
Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence
Jean Toomer, Reapers
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty
About Haiku
Arakida Moritake, The falling flower
Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak
Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool
Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell
Taniguchi Buson, I go
Kobayashi Issa, only one guy
Kobayashi Issa, Cricket
Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps
Suiko Matsushita, Rain shower from mountain
Neiji Ozawa, War forced us from California
Contemporary American Haiku
Etheridge Knight, Making jazz swing in
Lee Gurga, Visitor’s Room
John Ridland, The Lazy Man’s Haiku
Connie Bensley, Last Haiku
For Review and Further Study
John Keats, Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art
Walt Whitman, The Runner
T. C. Hulme, The Image
William Carlos Williams, El Hombre
Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter
Rita Dove, Silos
Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning
Writing Effectively
Writing About Imagery
Analyzing Images
Checklist: Thinking About Imagery
Writing Assignment On Imagery
More Topics for Writing
14. FIGURES OF SPEECH
Why Speak Figuratively?
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle
William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?
Metaphor and Simile
Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall
William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand
Sylvia Plath, Metaphors
N. Scott Momaday, Simile
Other Figures of Speech
James Stephens, The Wind
Margaret Atwood, You fit into me
Dana Gioia, Money
For Review and Further Study
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent
Jane Kenyon, The Suitor
Robert Frost, The Secret Sits
A. R. Ammons, Coward
Heather McHugh, Language Lesson, 1976
Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose
Writing Effectively
Writing About Metaphors
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning
Checklist: Analyzing Metaphor
Writing Assignment on Figures of Speech
More Topics for Writing
15. SOUND
Sound as Meaning
Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance
William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus?
John Updike, Recital
Alliteration and Assonance
A. E. Housman, Eight O’clock
James Joyce, All Day I Hear
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The splendor falls on castle walls
Rime
William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga
Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus
Ogden Nash, The Panther
Gerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur
Reading Poems Aloud
Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrance
Writing Effectively
Writing About Sound
Listen to the Music
Checklist: Writing About a Poem’s Sounds
Writing Assignment on Sound
More Topics for Writing
16. RHYTHM
Stresses and Pauses
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break
Ben Jonson, Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt tears
Dorothy Parker, Résumé
Meter
Max Beerbohm, On the imprint of the first English edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme
A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty
William Carlos Williams, Smell!
Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!
David Mason, Song of the Powers
Writing Effectively
Writing About Rhythm
Freeze-Framing the Sound
Checklist: Scanning a Poem
Writing Assignment on Rhythm
More Topics for Writing
17. CLOSED FORM
Formal Patterns
John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable
Robert Graves, Counting the Beats
John Donne, Song (“Go and catch a falling star”)
Ballads
Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan
Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham
The Sonnet
William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Claude McKay, America
Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You
A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non
R. S. Gwynn, Shakespearean Sonnet
Other Forms
Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night
Robert Bridges, Triolet
Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina
Writing Effectively
Writing About Form
Turning Points
Checklist: Thinking About a Sonnet
Writing Assignment on a Sonnet
More Topics for Writing
18. OPEN FORM
Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway
E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill’s
Stephen Crane, The Heart
Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford
Ezra Pound, Salutation
Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
Prose Poetry
Charles Simic, The Magic Study of Happiness
Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse
E. E. Cummings, in Just-
Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red
Langston Hughes, I, Too
Writing Effectively
Writing About Free Verse
Lining Up for Free Verse
Checklist: Analyzing Line Breaks in Free Verse
Writing Assignment on Open Form
More Topics for Writing
19. SYMBOL
T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript
Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones
Matthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good Seed
Edwin Markham, Outwitted
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
For Review and Further Study
Ted Kooser, Carrie
Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay
Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover
Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar
Writing Effectively
Writing About Symbols
Reading a Symbol
Checklist: Analyzing a Symbol
Writing Assignment on Symbolism
More Topics for Writing
20. WHAT IS POETRY?
Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, J. V. Cunningham, Elizabeth Bishop, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, Gwendolyn Brooks, Robert Bly,Some Definitions of Poetry
21. POEMS FOR FURTHER READING
Anonymous, Lord Randall
Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach
Margaret Atwood, Siren Song
W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts
Elizabeth Bishop, One Art
William Blake, The Tyger
Gwendolyn Brooks, the preacher: ruminates behind the sermon
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways
JudithOrtiz Cofer, Quinceañera
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan
Billy Collins, Care and Feeding
E. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond
Marisa de los Santos, Perfect Dress
Emily Dickinson, I’m nobody! Who are you?
Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz — when I died
Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death
John Donne, Death be not proud
John Donne, The Flea
Paul Dunbar, We Wear the Mask
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilingüe
Robert Frost, Mending Wall
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California
Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Seamus Heaney, Digging
George Herbert, Easter Wings
Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to Make Much of Time
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall
Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover
A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now
A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young
Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Langston Hughes, Harlem [Dream Deferred]
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
Robinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cutters
Ben Jonson, On My First Son
Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn
John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci
Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse
Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad
Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus
Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to love America
Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent
Marianne Moore, Poetry
Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman
Pablo Neruda, Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many
Lorine Niedecker, Poet’s Work
Yone Noguchi, A Selection of Hokku
Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys’ Party
Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth
Jose Emilio Pacheco, High Treason
Sylvia Plath, Daddy
Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang’rous Thing
Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: a Letter
Dudley Randall, A Different Image
Henry Reed, Naming of Parts
Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy
William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes
William Shakespeare, My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias
Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream
Larissa Szporluk, Vertigo
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses
Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill
John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player
Derek Walcott, The Virgins
Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose
Walt Whitman, Song of the Open Road
WilliamCarlos Williams, Spring and All
William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge
James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio
William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium
Bernice Zamora, Penitents
22. READING A PLAY
A Play in Its Elements
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Writing Effectively
Writing About Conflict
Conflict Resolution
Checklist: Analyzing Conflict
Writing Assignment on Conflict
More Topics for Writing
23. MODES OF DRAMA: TRAGEDY & COMEDY
Tragedy
Christopher Marlowe,A Scene from Doctor Faustus (in which Faustus sells his soul to the devil; Act 2, Scene 1)
Comedy
David Ives, Sure Thing
Writing Effectively
Writing About Comedy
Getting Serious About Comedy
Checklist: Writing About a Comedy
Writing Assignment on Comedy
More Topics for Writing
24. SOPHOCLES
The Theater of Sophocles
Staging
The Civic Role of Greek Drama
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy
The Origins of Oedipus the King
Sophocles, Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)
Writing Effectively
Writing About Ancient Greek Tragedy
Some Things Change. Some Things Don't.
Checklist: Analyzing Ancient Greek Tragedy
Writing Assignment on Sophocles
More Topics for Writing
25. SHAKESPEARE
The Theater of Shakespeare
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
A Note on Othello
William Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of Venice
Writing Effectively
Writing About Shakespeare
Breaking the Language Barrier
Checklist: Writing About a Shakespearean Play
Writing Assignment on Tragedy
More Topics For Writing
26. THE MODERN THEATER
Realism and Naturalism
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House (Translated by James McFarlane)
Tragicomedy and the Absurd
Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer
Writing Effectively
Writing About Dramatic Realism
What's so Realistic About Realism?
Checklist: Writing About a Realist Play
Writing Assignment on Realism
More Topics for Writing
27. PLAYS FOR FURTHER READING
Jane Martin, Beauty
Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie
August Wilson, Fences
WRITING
28. WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
Start by Reading Actively
Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay
Thinking about What You Have Read
Planning Your Essay
Prewriting: Discovering Ideas
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises
Developing a Literary Argument
Writing a Rough Draft
Student Writing, Sample Rough Draft
Revising
Checklist: Revision Steps
Some General Advice on Rewriting
Sample Student Essay, Final Draft
What’s Your Purpose: Some Common Approaches to Writing about Literature
The Form of your Finished Paper
Topics for Writing on Fiction
Topics for Writing on Poetry
Topics for Writing on Drama
29. WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER
Getting Started
Choosing a Topic
Finding Research Sources
Finding Print Resources
Using Online Databases
Using Visual Images
CHECKLIST: USING VISUAL IMAGES
Finding Reliable Web Sources
CHECKLIST: FINDING SOURCES
Evaluating Sources
Print Resources
Choose Web Sources Carefully
CHECKLIST: EVALUATING SOURCES
Organizing Your Research
Refining Your Thesis
Organizing Your Paper
Writing and Revising
Guarding Academic Integrity
Papers for Sale Are Papers that “F”ail
A Warning Against Internet Plagiarism
Acknowledging Sources
Quoting a Source
Citing Ideas
Documenting Sources Using MLA Style
Concluding Thoughts
Sample Student Research Paper
Reference Guide for Citations
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Add Backpack Literature, BACKPACK LITERATURE An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing Second Edition X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia Carry literature in your backpack as well as in your heart. With new contemporary and classic selections and an emph, Backpack Literature to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Backpack Literature, BACKPACK LITERATURE An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing Second Edition X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia Carry literature in your backpack as well as in your heart. With new contemporary and classic selections and an emph, Backpack Literature to your collection on WonderClub |