Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives Book

Preface     xv
Boxes     xi
Tables     xii
Figures     xiii
Perspectives and Methods     1
Introduction to Sociological Social Psychology     3
Sociology, Psychology, and Social Psychology     5
Macrosociology and Microsociology     6
Macro-Level Sources of Information     8
Sociological and Psychological Social Psychology     8
Theoretical Perspectives in Macrosociology     9
Historical Context of Sociological Social Psychology     10
Psychoanalysis in Psychology     11
Section Summary     12
Perspectives in Sociological Social Psychology     12
Symbolic Interactionism     13
Social Structure and Personality     13
Group Processes     14
Section Summary     15
Your Social Psychological Tool Kit     15
The Sociological Imagination     15
Other Tools in Your Kit     16
Ethnomethodology     18
Major Institutions in Society     20
Elements of Culture     21
Section Summary     22
Bringing It All Together     22
Summary     23
Key Terms and Concepts     24
Discussion Questions     25
Perspectives in Sociological Social Psychology     27
The Symbolic Interaction Perspective     28
Society and Agency     29
Basic Principles of Symbolic Interactionism     29
The Social Behaviorist Perspective in Psychology     30
Language and Consciousness in Psychology     32
Two Schools of Symbolic Interactionism     35
Section Summary     37
The Social Structure and Personality Perspective     37
The Components Principle     38
Role Theory     40
The Proximity Principle     41
The Psychology Principle     42
Section Summary     43
The Group Processes Perspective     43
Studying Processes     45
Group Structures     47
Relationships between Groups     49
Section Summary     50
Bringing It All Together     50
Summary     51
Key Terms and Concepts     52
Discussion Questions     53
Studying People     55
Basic Concepts and Issues     56
Theories and Hypotheses      57
Independent and Dependent Variables     58
Sampling Issues     59
Ethical Issues in Studying People     60
Section Summary     60
Different Ways to Study People     61
Qualitative Methods     62
The Promises and Pitfalls of Going into the Field     64
Quantitative Methods     65
Exploration and Inspection     66
Rats as Experimental Subjects     71
Mixed-Method Approaches     71
Section Summary     73
Steps in Developing Research Projects     73
Assess Theory and Literature     73
Develop Research Questions or Hypotheses     74
Choose Research Methods     75
Conduct Data Analysis     75
The Research Paper Format     76
Report Results     76
Section Summary     77
Bringing It All Together     77
Summary     78
Key Terms and Concepts     78
Discussion Questions     80
The Individual in Society     81
The Social Psychology of Stratification     83
SI: Constructing Inequalities     84
Basic Stratification Processes      85
Doing Gender     88
Race and Poverty     88
Stereotype Threat     90
Section Summary     90
SSP: Structures of Inequality     91
The Wisconsin Model and Education     92
Networks and Social Capital     94
Education, Occupations, and Aspirations     95
Section Summary     99
GP: Stratification Processes in Groups     99
Status and Power in Social Exchange Processes     100
Homans' Experience on a Small Warship     101
Status in Groups     101
Power in Networks     107
The Differences between Power and Status     110
Section Summary     112
Bringing It All Together     112
Summary     113
Key Terms and Concepts     114
Discussion Questions     115
Self and Identity     117
SI: The Self as a Process     118
The I and the Me     119
Freud's Approach to Personality     120
Identity Theory     120
Identity, Emotions, and Behavior     122
Dramaturgical Sociology and the Presentation of Self     123
Section Summary      125
SSP: The Self and Social Structure     125
Evaluative Dimensions of the Self-Concept     126
Mastery, Self-Efficacy, and Locus of Control     130
Measuring the Self-Concept     131
Social Class, Race, and the Self-Concept     133
Section Summary     136
GP: Identity and Group Processes     136
Social Identity Theory     137
Section Summary     139
Bringing It All Together     139
Summary     139
Key Terms and Concepts     140
Discussion Questions     142
Socialization over the Life Course     143
SI: Developing the Self     144
Stages of Development     145
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development     146
The Role of the Other     146
The Sociology of Childhood     147
Section Summary     150
SSP: Structural and Time Dimensions of Socialization     150
The Life Course     151
Erikson's Stages of Social Development     156
Agents of Socialization     157
Section Summary     165
GP: Group Processes and Socialization     166
Finding Socialization in Group Processes     166
Assessing the Effects of Socialization     168
Section Summary     170
Bringing It All Together     170
Summary     171
Key Terms and Concepts     171
Discussion Questions     173
Areas of Social Life     175
The Social Psychology of Deviance     177
SI: Interactionist Approaches to Deviance     178
Ethnomethodology and Deviance     179
Labeling Theory of Deviance     180
Lemert's Stages Leading to Secondary Deviance     182
Becoming a Marijuana User     185
Section Summary     186
SSP: Social Structure and Deviant Behavior     186
Anomie and Social Strain     187
Social Control Theory     190
Studies in Conformity     191
Section Summary     192
GP: Group Relationships and Deviance     193
The Principles of Differential Association Theory     194
Studying Deviance in a Lab     197
Section Summary     200
Bringing It All Together     200
Summary     201
Key Terms and Concepts     201
Discussion Questions      203
Mental Health and illness     205
SI: The Social Construction of Mental Health     206
Defining Mental Illness     207
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual     210
Labeling Theory and Social Control of Deviance     211
Section Summary     212
SSP: Social Causes of Stress     212
Stressors and Outcomes     214
Mediating and Moderating Conditions     216
Socioeconomic Characteristics: The Epidemiology of Mental Health     218
Section Summary     222
GP: Mental Health as a Status Characteristic     222
Mental Health and Selfhood     223
Parson's Sick Role     224
Section Summary     225
Bringing It All Together     226
Summary     226
Key Terms and Concepts     227
Discussion Questions     228
Attitudes, Values, and Behaviors     229
SI: The Construction of Attitudes     230
Dimensions of Attitudes     231
Studying Behavior: How People Use their Time     232
Linking Attitudes and Behavior     233
Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior     234
The Weighted Average Model in Psychology     235
Prejudicial Attitudes and Behavior     236
Section Summary     240
SSP: Social Structure, Attitudes, and Behavior     241
Attitudes and Agents of Socialization     241
Gender, Attitudes, and Behavior     242
Race and Attitudes     244
Group Affiliations and the Complexity of Attitudes     244
Attitudes across the Life Course     245
Balance and Cognitive Dissonance Theories     247
Section Summary     248
GP: Group Processes and Attitudes     248
Status Construction Theory     248
The Robbers' Cave Experiment in Psychology     250
Social Identity Theory and Attitudes     250
Section Summary     251
Bringing It All Together     251
Summary     252
Key Terms and Concepts     253
Discussion Questions     253
The Sociology of Sentiment and Emotion     255
SI: Constructing and Using Sentiment and Emotions     257
The Dimensions and Components of Emotions     258
Universal Expressions of Emotion     259
Socialization of Emotions     260
Identity, Interactions, and Emotions      261
Society and Emotions     263
Section Summary     265
SSP: Structural Conditions Affecting Emotions     265
Power, Status, and Emotions     265
Feeling Rules and Norms     266
Section Summary     270
GP: Group Processes and Emotions     270
Feelings and Social Exchange     271
Aggression and Love in Psychology     274
Section Summary     275
Bringing It All Together     275
Summary     276
Key Terms and Concepts     277
Discussion Questions     278
Collective Behavior     279
SI: Constructing Collective Behavior     281
Mass Hysteria Theory     281
The Case of the Stairway of the Stars Concert     287
Rational Choice in Collective Behavior: Emergent Norm Theory     288
Value-Added Theory     290
Perception Control Theory     292
Section Summary     292
SSP: The Structure of Crowds and Social Movements     293
Social Structure and Social Movements     293
Behavior during Collective Events     294
Section Summary     298
GP: Group Processes and Collective Behavior     298
Section Summary     301
Bringing It All Together     301
Summary     302
Key Terms and Concepts     303
Discussion Questions     305
References     307
Index     323