English Grammar in Context Book

All chapters begin with “Pretest” and conclude with “Summary.”

Preface to the Student.

Preface to the Instructor.

Acknowledgments.

I.WORDS.

1.Nouns and Pronouns.

Nouns.

Proper Nouns and Common Nouns.

Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns.

Pronouns.

Subjective Case and Objective Case Pronouns.

Possessive Case Pronouns.

Indefinite Pronouns.

Demonstrative Pronouns.

Relative Pronouns.

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns.

First, Second, and Third Person.

Exercise 1.1: Finding Nouns and Pronouns.

Exercise 1.2: Finding Nouns and Pronouns.

Exercise 1.3: Filling in the Blanks with Nouns and Pronouns.

Exercise 1.4: Changing Nouns and Pronouns.

Exercise 1.5: Using Nouns and Pronouns.

Exercise 1.6: Using Nouns and Pronouns.

Exercise 1.7: Proofreading.

2.Verbs.

Verb Tenses.

Main and Helping Verbs.

Modal Auxiliary Verbs.

Linking Verbs.

Intransitive and Transitive Verbs.

Regular and Irregular Verbs.

Exercise 2.1: Finding Verbs.

Exercise 2.2: Finding Verbs.

Exercise 2.3: Changing Verb Tenses.

Exercise 2.4: Using Irregular Verbs.

Exercise 2.5: Using Verb Tenses.

Exercise 2.6: Using Irregular Verb Tenses.

Exercise 2.7: Proofreading.

3.Adjectives and Adverbs.

Adjectives and Adjectivals.

Adverbs.

Good and Well, Bad and Badly.

Comparatives and Superlatives.

Punctuating Adjectives and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.1: Finding Adjectives, Adjectivals, and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.2: Finding Adjectives and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.3: Filling in Adjectives and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.4: Writing with Adjectives and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.5: Writing with Adjectives and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.6: Writing with Adjectives and Adverbs.

Exercise 3.7: Proofreading.

4.Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.

Prepositions.

Conjunctions.

Interjections.

Exercise 4.1: Finding Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.

Exercise 4.2: Filling in Prepositions and Conjunctions.

Exercise 4.3: Filling in Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.

Exercise 4.4: Using Prepositions and Two-Part Verbs.

Exercise 4.5: Using Conjunctions.

Exercise 4.6: Using Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.

Exercise 4.7: Proofreading.

5.Subjects and Objects.

Subjects.

Finding the Subject.

Location of Subject.

Multiple Subjects.

Understood Subject.

Subject-Verb Agreement.

Objects.

Direct Objects.

Indirect Objects.

Objects of the Prepositions.

Exercise 5.1: Finding Subjects, Direct Objects, Indirect Objects, and Objects of the Preposition.

Exercise 5.2: Filling in the Subject.

Exercise 5.3: Identifying Direct Objects, Indirect Objects, and Objects of the Prepositions.

Exercise 5.4: Writing with Direct Objects, Indirect Objects, and Objects of the Prepositions.

Exercise 5.5: Writing with Subjects and Objects.

Exercise 5.6: Writing with Subjects and Objects.

Exercise 5.7: Proofreading.

6.Other Complements.

Subjective Complements.

Objective Complements.

Appositives.

Exercise 6.1: Identifying Subjective Complements.

Exercise 6.2: Filling in Subjective Complements and Appositives.

Exercise 6.3: Writing with Appositives.

Exercise 6.4: Writing with Subjective Complements.

Exercise 6.5: Writing with Subjective Complements.

Exercise 6.6: Identifying Objective Complements.

Exercise 6.7: Writing with Objective Complements.

II.PHRASES.

7.Prepositional Phrases.

Prepositions.

Objects of the Preposition.

Punctuating Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.1: Finding Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.2: Completing Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.3: Writing with Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.4: Writing with Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.5: Filling in Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.6: Using Prepositional Phrases.

Exercise 7.7: Proofreading.

8.Verbal Phrases: Adjective.

Nonrestrictive Adjective Verbal Phrases.

Restrictive Adjective Verbal Phrases.

Parts of Adjective Verbal Phrases.

Absolute Phrases.

Exercise 8.1: Finding Adjective Verbal Phrases and Absolute Phrases.

Exercise 8.2: Finding Adjective Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 8.3: Finding Adjective Verbal Phrases and Absolute Phrases.

Exercise 8.4: Filling in Adjective Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 8.5: Using Adjective Verbal Phrases and Absolute Phrases.

Exercise 8.6: Writing Adjective Verbal Phrases and Absolute Phrases.

Exercise 8.7: Proofreading.

9.Verbal Phrases: Infinitive.

Infinitive Verbal Phrases as Nouns.

Infinitive Verbal Phrases as Adjectives.

Infinitive Verbal Phrases as Adverbs.

Omission of to in the Infinitive.

Infinitive Verbal Phrases as Objects of the Preposition.

Parts of Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

To as Preposition and Infinitive Marker.

Exercise 9.1: Finding Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 9.2: Finding Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 9.3: Identifying the Use of Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 9.4: Using Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 9.5: Writing with Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 9.6: Using Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 9.7: Using Infinitive Verbal Phrases.

10.Verbal Phrases: Noun.

Noun Verbal Phrases (Gerund Phrase).

Parts of Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.1: Finding Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.2: Finding Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.3: Identifying Uses of Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.4: Identifying Parts of Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.5: Writing with Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.6: Writing with Noun Verbal Phrases.

Exercise 10.7: Proofreading.

III. CLAUSES.

11.Independent Clauses: Simple and Compound Sentences.

Simple Sentences.

Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.1: Identifying Simple and Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.2: Identifying Simple and Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.3: Identifying Simple and Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.4: Punctuating Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.5: Using Simple and Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.6: Writing Simple and Compound Sentences.

Exercise 11.7: Proofreading.

12.Dependent Clauses.

Types of Dependent Clauses.

Nonrestrictive Dependent Clauses.

Restrictive Dependent Clauses.

Distinguishing Nonrestrictive and Restrictive Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 12.1: Finding Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 12.2: Combining Sentences for Subordination.

Exercise 12.3: Combining Sentences for Subordination.

Exercise 12.4: Correcting Punctuation in Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 12.5: Writing with Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 12.6: Writing with Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 12.7: Proofreading.

13.Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Relative Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs in Clauses.

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Parts of the Adjective Dependent Clause.

Exercise 13.1: Identifying Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 13.2: Identifying Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 13.3: Identifying Nonrestrictive and Restrictive Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 13.4: Filling in Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 13.5: Writing with Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 13.6: Adding Adjective Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 13.7: Proofreading.

14.Noun Dependent Clauses.

As Subject and Delayed Subject.

As Direct Object.

As Subjective Complement.

As Object of the Preposition.

As Appositive.

Subordinating Words for Noun Dependent Clauses.

Punctuation of Noun Dependent Clauses.

Parts of Noun Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 14.1: Identifying Noun Dependent Clauses and Appositives.

Exercise 14.2: Finding Noun Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 14.3: Finding Noun Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 14.4: Filling in Noun Dependent Clauses and Appositives.

Exercise 14.5: Writing with Noun Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 14.6: Writing with Noun Dependent Clauses and Appositives.

Exercise 14.7: Proofreading.

15.Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Subordinating Conjunctions.

Elliptical Clauses.

Identifying What the Adverb Dependent Clause Modifies.

Punctuating Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Identifying Parts of Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.1: Finding Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.2: Finding Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.3: Finding Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.4: Making Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.5: Writing with Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.6: Writing with Adverb Dependent Clauses.

Exercise 15.7: Proofreading.

IV. SENTENCE STRUCTURE.

16.Inverted Sentences and Passive Voice.

WH-Questions.

Yes-No Questions.

Direct and Indirect Questions.

Nor and As Constructions.

Dependent Clauses without If.

Passive Voice.

Inverted Construction Exercises.

Exercise 16.1: Finding Inverted Constructions.

Exercise 16.2: Finding Inverted Sentence Parts.

Exercise 16.3: Writing with Questions.

Exercise 16.4: Writing Direct and Indirect Questions.

Exercise 16.5: Proofreading.

Passive Voice Exercises.

Exercise 16.6: Understanding Passive Voice.

Exercise 16.7: Understanding Passive Voice.

Exercise 16.8: Identifying Passive Voice and Active Voice.

Exercise 16.9: Identifying Passive Voice and Active Voice.

Exercise 16.10: Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice and Vice Versa.

Exercise 16.11: Writing with Passive Voice.

17.Parallel Structure.

Parallel Words.

Parallel Phrases.

Parallel Clauses.

Exercise 17.1: Finding Parallel Structure.

Exercise 17.2: Finding Parallel Structure.

Exercise 17.3: Correcting Faults of Parallel Structure.

Exercise 17.4: Correcting Faults of Parallel Structure.

Exercise 17.5: Correcting Faults of Parallel Structure.

Exercise 17.6: Writing with Parallel Structure.

Exercise 17.7: Proofreading.

18.Faulty Predication.

Matching Subject and Verb.

Using Is How, Is What, Is When, Is Where, Is Who, Is Why.

Using “The reason why…is because…”

Making Faulty Comparisons.

Exercise 18.1: Recognizing Faulty Predication.

Exercise 18.2: Recognizing and Labeling Faulty Predication.

Exercise 18.3: Finding Faulty Predication.

Exercise 18.4: Correcting Faulty Predication.

Exercise 18.5: Finding and Correcting Faulty Predication.

Exercise 18.6: Finding and Correcting Faulty Predication.

Exercise 18.7: Proofreading.

19.Subject-Verb Agreement.

Multiple Subjects.

Collective Nouns.

Singular and Plural Pronoun Subjects.

Plural-Looking Nouns.

Intervening Phrases and Clauses.

Reverse Order of Subject and Verb.

Singular and Plural Relative Pronouns.

Exercise 19.1: Recognizing Subject-Verb Agreement.

Exercise 19.2: Correcting Subject-Verb Agreement Errors.

Exercise 19.3: Correcting Subject-Verb Agreement Errors.

Exercise 19.4: Correcting Subject-verb Agreement Errors.

Exercise 19.5: Correcting Subject-Verb Agreement Errors.

Exercise 19.6: Filling in Correct Verb Forms.

Exercise 19.7: Proofreading.

20.Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement.

Agreement.

Collective Nouns.

Clarity of Reference.

Exercise 20.1: Finding Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement.

Exercise 20.2: Finding Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement.

Exercise 20.3: Correcting Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Errors.

Exercise 20.4: Correcting Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Errors.

Exercise 20.5: Filling in Pronouns.

Exercise 20.6: Filling in Pronouns.

Exercise 20.7: Proofreading.

V.PUNCTUATION.

21.Commas.

Compound Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions.

Introductory Words and Phrases.

Nonrestrictive Phrases and Clauses.

A Series of Words, Phrases, or Clauses.

Dates, Addresses, and Personal Titles.

Emphasis and Reversed Order of Words and Phrases.

Appositives.

Avoiding Misunderstandings.

Exercise 21.1: Identifying Comma Use.

Exercise 21.2: Adding Commas.

Exercise 21.3: Adding Commas.

Exercise 21.4: Adding Commas.

Exercise 21.5: Adding Commas.

Exercise 21.6: Writing with Commas.

Exercise 21.7: Proofreading.

22.Semicolons and Colons.

Semicolons.

Colons.

Exercise 22.1: Identifying Uses of Semicolons and Colons.

Exercise 22.2: Adding Semicolons and Colons.

Exercise 22.3: Adding Semicolons and Colons.

Exercise 22.4: Adding Semicolons and Colons.

Exercise 22.5: Adding Semicolons and Colons.

Exercise 22.6: Writing with Semicolons and Colons.

Exercise 22.7: Proofreading.

23.Quotation Marks.

Quoted Words.

Divisions within a Work.

Words Cited as Words.

Translations.

Nicknames or Titles.

Exercise 23.1: Identifying the Purpose of Quotation Marks or Italics.

Exercise 23.2: Adding Quotation Marks.

Exercise 23.3: Adding Quotation Marks and Italics.

Exercise 23.4: Adding Quotation Marks and Italics.

Exercise 23.5: Adding Quotation Marks and Italics.

Exercise 23.6: Writing with Quotation Marks and Italics.

Exercise 23.7: Proofreading.

24.Apostrophes.

Contractions.

Possessive Nouns and Possessive Indefinite Pronouns.

Plurals of Abbreviations, Numerals, and Letters.

Knowing When to Use an Apostrophe.

Exercise 24.1: Identifying Possessive Nouns, Possessive Pronouns, and Contractions.

Exercise 24.2: Identifying Words ending in s.

Exercise 24.3: Adding and Identifying Apostrophes.

Exercise 24.4: Correcting Possessive Nouns and Contractions.

Exercise 24.5: Writing with Possessive Nouns and Contractions.

Exercise 24.6: Writing with Apostrophes.

Exercise 24.7: Proofreading.

25.Dashes, Parentheses, Brackets, Slashes, Hyphens, *, …, &, %, #, @.

Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets.

Slashes and Hyphens.

Asterisks (*) and Ellipses (…).

Ampersand (&), Percent (%), Number (#), and Each (@).

Exercise 25.1: Identifying Uses of Dashes and Parentheses.

Exercise 25.2: Identifying Uses of Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets.

Exercise 25.3: Identifying Slashes, Hyphens, Asterisks, and Ellipses.

Exercise 25.4: Correcting Errors in Using &, %, #, @, and Numbers.

Exercise 25.5: Writing with Dashes, Parentheses, Brackets, Slashes, Hyphens, and Ellipses.

Exercise 25.6: Adding Dashes.

Exercise 25.7: Proofreading.

VI.ERRORS.

26.Sentence Fragments.

Types of Fragments.

Intentional Fragments.

Exercise 26.1: Finding Fragments.

Exercise 26.2: Correcting Fragments.

Exercise 26.3: Changing Fragments into Sentences.

Exercise 26.4: Correcting Fragments.

Exercise 26.5: Correcting Fragments.

Exercise 26.6: Changing Fragments into Sentences.

Exercise 26.7: Proofreading.

27.Run-Together Sentences.

Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.1: Finding Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.2: Correcting Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.3: Correcting Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.4: Finding and Correcting Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.5: Finding and Correcting Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.6: Finding and Correcting Run-Together Sentences.

Exercise 27.7: Proofreading.

28.Words Often Confused.

List of Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.1: Choosing among Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.2: Correcting Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.3: Correcting Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.4: Correcting Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.5: Correcting Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.6: Writing with Words Often Confused.

Exercise 28.7: Proofreading.

29.Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers.

Misplaced Modifiers.

Dangling Modifiers.

Exercise 29.1: Correcting Misplaced Modifiers.

Exercise 29.2: Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers.

Exercise 29.3: Finding and Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers.

Exercise 29.4: Finding and Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers.

Exercise 29.5: Finding and Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers.

Exercise 29.6: Finding and Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers.

Exercise 29.7: Proofreading.

30.Pseudo-Errors.

Starting Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions.

Starting Sentences with Because.

Ending Sentences with Prepositions.

Writing Long Sentences (and Calling Them “Run-Ons”).

Splitting Infinitives.

Exercise 30.1: Identifying Pseudoerrors.

Exercise 30.2: Identifying Pseudoerrors.

Exercise 30.3: Correcting Misuse of Pseudoerrors.

Exercise 30.4: Editing Uses of Pseudoerrors.

Exercise 30.5: Correcting Misuse of Pseudoerrors.

Exercise 30.6: Writing with Pseudoerrors.

Exercise 30.7: Proofreading.

Answers to Pretest.

Index.