Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes Book

	Preface
	List of contributors
Sect. 1	Principles of international endocrine practice
1.1	Prevention in endocrinology	3
1.2	Endocrinology and evolution: lessons from comparative endocrinology	9
1.3	The endocrine patient: a geographical perspective for thyroid disease	15
1.4	Molecular biology and medical practice: an introduction	23
1.4.1	Molecular aspects of hormonal regulation	34
1.5	Hormones and receptors: fundamental considerations	41
1.6	Endocrine autoimmunity	45
1.7	Measurement of circulating hormones	53
1.8	Endocrine units	61
1.9	Diabetes centres - at the hospital/community interface	65
Sect. 2	Clinical neuroendocrinology
2.1	Pituitary anatomy and physiology	75
2.2	The neurohypophysis	87
2.3.1	Development of the pituitary and genetic forms of hypopituitarism	101
2.3.2	Molecular pathogenesis of pituitary tumours	109
2.3.3	Histopathology of pituitary tumours	121
2.3.4	Pituitary assessment strategy	127
2.3.5	Imaging of the pituitary	136
2.3.6	Hypopituitarism: replacement of adrenal, thyroid, and gonadal axes	145
2.3.7	Adult growth hormone deficiency	151
2.3.8	The surgery of pituitary tumours	160
2.3.9	Pituitary radiotherapy	168
2.3.10	Prolactinomas	172
2.3.11	Acromegaly	181
2.3.12	Clinically non-functioning pituitary tumours and gonadotrophinomas	192
2.3.13	Thyrotrophinomas	199
2.3.14	Pituitary carcinoma	203
2.3.15	Pituitary incidentalomas	206
2.4.1	Hypothalamic syndromes	211
2.4.2	Craniopharyngioma	218
2.4.3	Cysts, hamartomas, and vascular tumours	225
2.4.4	Perisellar tumours	230
2.4.5	Inflammatory lesions - lymphocytic hypophysitis, sarcoid, histiocytosis, TB, Wegener's granulomatosis	236
2.5.1	Pineal anatomy and physiology	243
2.5.2	Pineal pathophysiology	247
2.5.3	Pineal tumours	249
2.6.1	Stress, pain, and opioids	255
2.6.2	The endocrinology of the stress system and its relevance to serious psychiatric illness	258
2.6.3	Endocrinology and alcoholism	263
2.6.4	Anorexia, bulimia, and the neuroendocrinology of exercise	267
2.6.5	Neuroendocrinology of premenstrual syndrome	272
2.6.6	Neuropsychoendocrinology: sexual differentiation, behaviour, and identity	274
Sect. 3	The thyroid
3.1.1	The history and iconography relating to the thyroid gland	281
3.1.2	Biosynthesis, transport, metabolism, and actions of thyroid hormones	287
3.1.3	Clinical assessment of the thyroid patient	301
3.1.4	Thyroid function tests and the effects of drugs	306
3.1.5	Non-thyroidal illness	316
3.1.6	Thyroid imaging: nuclear medicine techniques	324
3.1.6.1	Thyroid imaging - non-isotopic techniques for thyroid imaging	334
3.1.7	Epidemiology of thyroid disease and swelling	339
3.2.1	Genetic factors relating to the thyroid with emphasis on complex diseases	351
3.2.2	Environmental factors	366
3.2.3	Iodine deficiency disorders	372
3.2.4	Disorders of iodine excess	380
3.2.5	Radiation-induced thyroid disease	384
3.2.6	Autoimmune thyroid disease	392
3.2.7	Thyroiditis	408
3.3.1	Clinical assessment and systemic manifestations of thyrotoxicosis	417
3.3.2	Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis	427
3.3.3	Causes and laboratory investigations of thyrotoxicosis	429
3.3.4	Antithyroid drug treatment for thyrotoxicosis	439
3.3.5	Radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism	443
3.3.6	Surgery for thyrotoxicosis	448
3.3.7	Management of Graves' hyperthyroidism	453
3.3.8	Graves' ophthalmopathy and dermopathy	458
3.3.9	Management of toxic multinodular goitre and toxic adenoma	473
3.3.10	Management of thyrotoxicosis without hyperthyroidism	476
3.3.11	Thyrotoxic storm	481
3.3.12	Subclinical hyperthyroidism	486
3.4.1	Clinical assessment and systemic manifestations of hypothyroidism	491
3.4.2	Causes and laboratory investigation of hypothyroidism	502
3.4.3	Treatment of hypothyroidism	510
3.4.4	Myxoedema coma	514
3.4.5	Subclinical hypothyroidism	518
3.4.6	Thyroid disease during pregnancy	522
3.4.7	Thyroid disease after pregnancy: post-partum thyroiditis	527
3.4.8	Thyroid disease in newborns, infants, and children	532
3.4.9	Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome	544
3.5.1	Pathogenesis of non-toxic goitre	553
3.5.2	Management of non-toxic multinodular goitre	557
3.5.3	Management of the single thyroid nodule	564
3.5.4	Pathogenesis of thyroid cancer	569
3.5.5	Pathology of thyroid cancer	576
3.5.6	Papillary, follicular, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and lymphoma	582
3.5.7	Medullary thyroid carcinoma	591
Sect. 4	Parathyroid, calcium, and bone metabolism
4.1	Parathyroid anatomy, hormone synthesis, secretion, action, receptors	601
4.2	Hypercalcaemia	609
4.3	Primary hyperparathyroidism	619
4.4	Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia	633
4.5	Hypocalcaemic disorders, hypoparathyroidism, and pseudohypoparathyroidism	645
4.6	Hypercalcaemic and hypocalcaemic syndromes in children	655
4.7	Osteoporosis	665
4.8	Thyroid disease and osteoporosis	677
4.9	Paget's disease of bone	685
4.10	Rickets and osteomalacia (acquired and heritable forms)	697
4.11	Skeletal dysplasias	717
Sect. 5	The adrenal gland
5.1	Congenital adrenal hyperplasia	733
5.2	Adrenal imaging	747
5.3	Adrenal surgery	757
5.4	Adrenal incidentaloma	765
5.5	Phaeochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and neuroblastoma	775
5.6	Primary aldosteronism	791
5.7	Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism	801
5.8	11[beta]-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and apparent mineralocorticoid excess	807
5.9	Cushing's syndrome	817
5.10	Molecular genetics of adrenal tumours	831
5.11	Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency)	837
5.12	Glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity syndromes	845
Sect. 6	The diffuse endocrine system and its hormones
6.1	Neuroendocrine tumour markers	855
6.2	Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)	859
6.3	Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2	865
6.4	Carcinoid tumours and the carcinoid syndrome	871
6.5	Gastrinoma	877
6.6	Insulinomas and hypoglycaemia	883
6.7	Glucagonoma	889
6.8	VIPomas	895
6.9	Somatostatinoma	901
6.10	Imaging neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract	903
6.11	von Hippel-Lindau disease	911
6.12	Neurofibromatosis	915
6.13	Carney complex	919
6.14	Molecular and clinical characteristics of the McCune-Albright syndrome	923
6.15	Cowden syndrome	931
6.16	Mastocytosis	937
Sect. 7	Growth and development during childhood
7.1.1	Childhood auxology	943
7.1.2	Childhood endocrinology	949
7.1.3	Sexual determination and differentiation	958
7.2.1	Common neonatal endocrine disorders: hypoglycaemia	967
7.2.2	Management of ambiguous genitalia in the newborn	976
7.3.1	Differential diagnosis of short stature and poor growth velocity	983
7.3.2	Genetic defects of the human somatotrophic axis	995
7.3.3	Investigation of the poorly growing child	1001
7.3.4	Growth hormone therapy for the growth hormone deficient child	1008
7.3.5	Growth promoting agents for non-growth hormone-deficient short children	1018
7.3.6	Tall stature	1029
7.4.1	Delayed puberty and hypogonadism	1035
7.4.2	Premature sexual maturation	1046
Sect. 8	Female endocrinology
8.1.1	Menstrual cycle and ovulation	1063
8.1.2	Hormonal contraception	1068
8.1.3	Premenstrual syndrome	1079
8.1.4	The menopause	1089
8.2.1	Primary ovarian failure	1107
8.2.2	Nutrition and reproduction	1114
8.2.3	Disorders of gonadotrophin secretion	1119
8.2.4	Hyperprolactinaemic anovulation	1130
8.2.5	The polycystic ovary syndrome: reproductive aspects	1135