Technology and the Future of Work Book

	Contributors
1	Introduction	3
	Stumbling Backwards into the Future	4
	The Emergent View	6
	Overview	9
	Two Key Themes	13
2	Automation and Competency Requirements in Manufacturing: A Case Study	15
	The Context: The Westfield Plant	16
	Model of Competence	18
	Skills: A Function of Tools and Problems	20
	Hierarchy of Skill Layers	24
	The Roles of Direct and Indirect Personnel	27
	The Role System and the Principle of Complementarity	34
	Mapping Competencies	42
	Summary	43
3	Skill and Occupational Changes in U.S. Manufacturing	46
	Theories of Skill and Occupational Change	46
	Empirical Studies of Long-Term Occupational and Skill Change	57
	Recent Occupational and Skill Change in Manufacturing	60
	The Future	80
	Conclusion	82
4	Automation and Work in Britain	89
	British Debates on Automation and Skills	90
	Policy Analysis: 1950s to 1970s	91
	Labor Process Analysis	95
	The British Contextualist Critique	96
	Automation and Skills in the 1980s	99
	Managers' Influence on Technology and Work Organization	103
	Conclusion	106
5	New Concepts of Production and the Emergence of the Systems Controller	111
	The Automobile Industry: A New Personnel Policy	113
	Machine Manufacturing Industry: Centers of Craft in Reconstruction	120
	The Chemical Industry: The Skilled Production Worker is Accepted	125
	Electrical and Electronic Products: About to Take the Great Leap?	129
	Systems Controllers as a Key Group within the Workforce	133
	Long-Term Trends in Germany's Work Structure	140
	Conclusion	141
	Appendix: Work and Skills in the History of German Industrial Sociology	142
6	Institutions and Incentives for Developing Work-Related Knowledge and Skill	149
	Competitiveness, Automation, and Learning on the Job	149
	The Spectrum of Institutions for Developing Work-Related Knowledge and Skill	152
	Schools	154
	Corporate Training	164
	Learning-Intensive Production	169
	Some Policy Implications	177
7	Issues in Skill Formation in Japanese Approaches to Automation	187
	Contextual Factors Influencing Approaches to Automation and Worker Training	188
	Approaches to Skill Formation in Japanese Manufacturing	194
	Reasons for Worker Support and Management Adoption of Microelectronic Applications	197
	Training Strategies for Automation	201
	Japan's Approach	208
8	Technology, Industrial Relations, and the Problem of Organizational Transformation	210
	History of Debates on New Technology and Industrial Relations	212
	Integrating Human and Technical Attributes in Production	218
	Changes in Industrial Relations Theory and Practice	225
	Conclusion	228
9	Union Initiatives to Restructure Industry in Australia	232
	A New Union Strategy	232
	Macro Elements of Union Strategy	238
	Enterprise-Level Elements of Union Strategy	248
	Strategic Unionism	256
	Conclusion	260
	Appendix A	261
	Appendix B	266
10	Transforming the Routines and Contexts of Management, Work, and Technology	269
	Formative Context	270
	The Firm as a "Thinking Organization"	271
	Levels of Learning	272
	Strategies for Innovation and Change	282
	Conclusion	288
11	Innovation and Institutions: Notes on the Japanese Paradigm	292
	Forms, Forces, and Institutions	294
	The Evolution of Organizational Forms in Japan	298
	Innovation in Interfirm Systems	303
	Innovation in Administrative Networks	307
	Adapting the Japanese Paradigm to the American Context	313
	Name Index	321
	Subject Index	327