Theory into Practice Book

	Acknowledgments	xi
	To the Student: An Introduction to Theory into Practice	xiii
	Works Analyzed in the Text	xvii
1.	The Relationship of Reading and Writing	1
	Reading and Writing in College	1
	Engaging the Text	2
	Adding Marginal Notations	2
	Keeping a Reading Log	3
	Using Heuristics	5
	Shaping a Response	5
	Determining a Purpose	5
	Answering Essay Questions	6
	Writing Research Papers	7
	Knowing Your Audience	8
	Choosing a Voice	8
	Helping the Process	9
	Collaboration	9
	Reference Materials	11
	Summing Up	12
	Recommended Web Sites	12
	General Information Sites	12
	Literary Criticism Sites	13
	Suggested Reading	14
2.	Familiar Approaches	15
	Conventional Ways of Reading Literature	15
	A Social Perspective	15
	The Effects of Genre	20
	Conventional Ways of Writing about Literature	24
	Explication	24
	Analysis	24
	Comparison and Contrast	25
	Study of a Single Author's Works	25
	Summing Up	26
	Recommended Web Sites	26
	Model Student Analyses	26
	"A Look at the Background of Kate Chopin's 'Desiree's Baby': A Biographical Study,"	26
	"Good versus Evil in Kate Chopin's 'Desiree's Baby': A Comparative Study,"	30
3.	Formalism	32
	Historical Background	32
	Reading as a Formalist	34
	Form	34
	Diction	36
	Unity	38
	What Doesn't Appear in Formalist Criticism	40
	Paraphrase	40
	Intention	40
	Biography	40
	Affect	40
	Writing a Formalist Analysis	41
	Prewriting	41
	Drafting and Revising	41
	The Introduction	41
	The Body	42
	The Conclusion	42
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Formalist Criticism	43
	Recommended Web Sites	44
	Suggested Reading	44
	Model Student Analysis	45
	"Robinson's 'Richard Cory': A Formalistic Interpretation,"	45
4.	Psychological Criticism	47
	Historical Background	47
	Practicing Psychological Criticism	48
	Freudian Principles	49
	The Unconscious	50
	The Tripartite Psyche	51
	The Significance of Sexuality	52
	The Importance of Dreams	53
	Symbols	54
	Creativity	55
	Summing Up	55
	Carl Jung and Mythological Criticism	56
	Characters	58
	Images	59
	Situations	60
	Northrup Frye and Mythological Criticism	60
	Jacques Lacan: An Update on Freud	61
	Writing Psychological Criticism	64
	Prewriting	64
	Drafting and Revising	65
	The Introduction	65
	The Body	65
	The Conclusion	67
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Psychological Criticism	67
	Recommended Web Sites	68
	Suggested Reading	69
	Model Student Analyses	70
	"Psychological Complexity in Sherwood Anderson's 'The Egg': A Freudian Analysis,"	70
	"Water, Sun, Moon, Stars, Heroic Spirit, in Tennyson's 'Ulysses': A Mythological Analysis,"	76
5.	Marxist Criticism	79
	Historical Background	79
	Reading from a Marxist Perspective	81
	Economic Power	82
	Materialism versus Spirituality	84
	Class Conflict	85
	Art, Literature, and Ideologies	86
	Writing a Marxist Analysis	89
	Prewriting	89
	Drafting and Revising	90
	The Introduction	90
	The Body	90
	The Conclusion	91
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Marxist Criticism	91
	Recommended Web Sites	92
	Suggested Reading	93
	Model Student Analysis	94
	"Marxist Criticism of Frank Norris's 'A Deal in Wheat,'"	94
6.	Feminist Criticism	97
	Historical Background	97
	Reading as a Feminist	103
	Studies of Difference	104
	Studies of Power	105
	Studies of the Female Experience	108
	Writing Feminist Criticism	109
	Prewriting	110
	Drafting and Revising	110
	The Introduction	110
	The Body	111
	The Conclusion	112
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Feminist Criticism	113
	Recommended Web Sites	113
	Suggested Reading	114
	Model Student Analysis	115
	"The Masculine Sex-Parasite in Edith Wharton's 'The Other Two,'"	115
7.	Reader-Response Criticism	120
	Historical Background	120
	Making a Reader's Response	122
	Getting Started	122
	Interacting with the Text	122
	The Power of the Text	123
	The Reader as Producer of the Text	125
	The Reader and the Text as Coproducers	127
	Period Responses, The Receptionists	128
	Writing a Reader-Response Analysis	129
	Prewriting	129
	Drafting and Revising	130
	The Introduction	130
	The Body	130
	The Conclusion	131
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Reader-Response Criticism	132
	Recommended Web Sites	132
	Suggested Reading	133
	Model Student Analysis	133
	"Eudora Welty's Portrayal of the American Nightmare: A Formalist Analysis of 'Death of a Traveling Salesman,'"	133
8.	Deconstruction	138
	Historical Background	138
	Practicing Deconstruction	143
	Making a Deconstructive Analysis	147
	Writing a Deconstructive Analysis	152
	Prewriting	152
	Drafting and Revising	153
	The Introduction	153
	The Body	153
	The Conclusion	155
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Understanding Deconstruction	155
	Recommended Web Sites	156
	Suggested Reading	156
	Model Student Analysis	157
	"Who Wants a Doughnut without a Hole? Deconstructive Criticism and the Failure of Meaning in Bobbie Ann Mason's 'Shiloh,'"	157
9.	Cultural Studies: New Historicism	161
	An Overview of Cultural Studies	161
	Assumptions, Principles, and Goals of New Historicism	163
	Traditional Historicism	163
	New Historicism	164
	New Literary Historicism	166
	Historical Background	168
	Reading as a New Historicist	171
	The World of the Author and the Text	172
	Discourses in the Text	174
	Intentions and Reception	176
	Writing a New Historicist Literary Analysis	177
	Prewriting	177
	Drafting and Revising	178
	The Introduction	178
	The Body	178
	The Conclusion	180
	Glossary of Terms Useful in New Historicist Criticism	181
	Recommended Web Sites	181
	Suggested Reading	182
	Model Student Analysis	182
	"Clothes as Power in Elizabethan England: A New Historicist Criticism of John Donne's 'To His Mistress Going to Bed,'"	182
10.	More Cultural Studies: Postcolonialism and Multiculturalism	185
	Postcolonialism	185
	Historical Background	186
	Basic Assumptions	188
	Reading as a Postcolonialist	189
	Presentation of Colonialism	190
	Treatment of Characters	190
	Validity of the Narrative	191
	Expressions of Nativism (Nationalism)	191
	Recurring Subjects and Themes	192
	Context	193
	Minor Characters	193
	Political Statement and Innuendo	194
	Similarities	194
	Glossary of Terms Useful in Postcolonial Studies	195
	American Multiculturalism	196
	African-American Literature	196
	Reading as a Multiculturalist	199
	Narrative Forms	199
	Diction	201
	Style	202
	Writing a Cultural Studies Analysis	204
	Recommended Web Sites	204
	Suggested Reading	205
	Model Student Analyses	205
	"Representations of Cultural Others in Angela Carter's 'The Tiger's Bride,'"	205
	"Writing and Staging the White Man's Blues: An Analysis of James Baldwin's Blues for Mister Charlie,"	209
	Literary Selections	217
Chapter 2	"Barn Burning"	217
Chapter 3	"Araby"	230
Chapter 4	"Young Goodman Brown"	234
Chapter 5	"The Diamond Necklace"	243
Chapter 6	Letters of Abigail and John Adams	249
Chapter 7	"The Masque of the Red Death"	252
Chapter 8	"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"	256
Chapter 9	"The Sky Is Gray"	257
Chapter 10	excerpt from The Road from Coorain	277
	excerpt from The Eatonville Anthology	287
	Information at a Glance	297
	Purposes and Assumptions	297
	Strategies, Strengths, and Weaknesses	298
	Index	301