Internet architecture Book

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary.)
1. Introduction.
Introduction. Terms and Concepts. How the Internet Is Managed. Request for Comments (RFCs). A Bit of History. The Gateway. Accounting for Traffic. The Internet Today. Global Diffusion of the Internet. Choosing an Internet Service Provider. The TCP/IP Model. The Physical Layer. Device Drivers. The Data Link Layer. IP and ICMP. Route Discovery. Address Resolution. The Transport Layer. Application Layer. How the Layered Model Operates. Peer Layer Communications. Example of an Invocation. Naming and Addressing. Link (Physical) Addresses. IEEE LAN Addresses. Network Layer Addresses (IP Addresses). The IP Address Format. Special Rules for Addresses. IP Address Space. Example of the IP Address Assignment. Examples of Internet Protocols. Router Operations Revisited. Relationship of Addresses. Other Identifiers. Address Resolution (Mapping). The Address Resolution Protocols. ARP. Proxy ARP. Reverse ARP. Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP). DHCP. Introduction to Subnets and Subnet Addressing. Introduction to the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS Servers. Examples of DNS Names. How the Servers Interwork. Number of Hosts Advertised in the DNS. The DNS Configuration.

2. Error Recovery Operations.
Introduction. Data Transfer across Links. Where the Link Protocol Operates. The Basic Operations. Relationship of the Link Layer to the OSI Model. Link Layer Primitives (Service Definitions). The Link Timers. State Variables and Sequence Numbers. Transmit and Receive Windows. Example of Sliding Window Operations. The High Level Data Link Control (HDLC). The HDLC Frame. The FCS Check. Error.Checking Example. Options on Retransmissions.Example of Link Error Recovery. End-to-End Error Recovery by TCP.

3. Internet Local Area Networks (LANs).
Introduction. What Is a LAN? Notations to Describe LANs. Topologies. IEEE Standards. Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) LANs. CSMA/CD Protocol Stacks. Ethernet. CSMA/CD Frames. Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP). CSMA/CD in Action. Ethernet Layers. The Various CSMA/CD Standards. The Token Ring Network. The Ring Configuration. FDDI. FDDI Configuration. The FDDI Layers. Example of FDDI Operations. FDDI Backbones. Switched LANs. Fast Ethernet. Comparing Ethernet and Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet and the Layered Model. Auto-Negotiation. Gigabit Ethernet.

4. Internet Wide Area Networks (WANs).
Introduction. Typical Functions of a WAN Network Layer. WAN Interfaces. Placement of Functions. Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Networks. Examples of Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Protocols. Relaying Data through the WAN. Circuit Switching. Message Switching. Packet Switching. Frame Relay. Cell Relay. Comparing WAN Technologies. X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM Virtual Circuits. Mapping IP Addresses to "Labels" : Label or Tag Switching.

5. IP and ICMP.
Introduction. Attributes of IP. Processing the Datagram. Example of a Routing Table. Adding and Removing Entries in the Routing Table. Secondary Addresses in the Table. The IP Header. The Type of Service (TOS) Field. The Fragmentation Fields. The Time-to-Live Field. The Protocol ID Field. The Header Checksum. The IP Addresses. More Information on the Options Field. Subnetting. Address Aggregation. CIDR. Variable Length Submasks (VLSMs). Address Processing Overhead. Fragmentation Examples. ICMP. Time-to-Live. Destination Unreachable. Redirect. Router Discovery. Pings. IPv6. Design Intent for IPv6. Hierarchical Address. Format of IPv6 Datagram. Extension Headers. ICMP and IPv6. Transition to IPv6.

Appendix to Chapter 5.
IPv6-Related RFCs.

6. TCP and UDP.
Introduction. Protocol Placement of TCP and UDP. TCP: End-to-End Communications. Internet Traffic Characteristics. Arrival of Traffic. Bulk and Interactive Traffic. Internet Ports. Internet Ports. Examples of Port Operations. Sockets. TCP and Interactive Traffic. TCP and Bulk Traffic. The TCP Header (Segment). The TCP Open. TCP Data Transfer Operations. TCP Close. Another Look at Bulk and Interactive Traffic. TCP Traffic Management Examples. TCP Timer. Round Trip Time (RTT). Nagle's Algorithm ReExamined. The Slow Start. Congestion Window and Threshold Size. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The UDP Header. Interfaces to TCP and UDP. Example of Socket Calls.

7. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP).
Introduction. Why PPP Was Implemented. PPP and Associated Protocols. Major Functions of LCP. HDLC Formats. Key Terms. PPP Frame Format. Auto-Detect Operations. The PPP Phases. Link Dead (physical layer not ready). Link Establishment Phase. Authentication Phase. Network Layer Protocol Phase. Link Termination Phase. The PPP Protocol Data Unit. The LCP Packets. LCP Options. IPCP for IP Support. PPP Authentication. PAP. CHAP. IPv6CP. L2TP. L2TP Terms and Concepts. L2TP Configuration. L2TP Tunnels. L2TP Protocol Stack. Examples of L2TP Operations. Other Information on PPP and L2TP.

8. Routing Protocols.
Introduction. The Routing Domain. Multiple Routing Domains. Routing and Forwarding. Example of a Routing Table. Protocol Stacks. A Confusing Term: Gateway. Types of Routing Protocols. Distance Vector. Link State Metric. Design Goals. Static, Stub, and Default Routes. Distance Vector Protocols. Link State Metric Protocols. Shortest Path First Operations. Autonomous Systems (ASs). AS Number Assignments. EGPs and IGPs. Multiple Routing Protocols. Summary of Routing Protocols. How the Internet Operates with the Routing Protocols. Levels of Access. Peering through the Routing Protocols.

9. Internet Security.
Introduction. The Security Problem. Security Definitions. IPSec. Types of SAs: Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode. IPSec Cases. Placement of IPSec. Types of Internet Security Services. Types of Security Problems. Virus. Worm. Trojan Horse. Bomb. Trap Door. Salami Attack. Firewalls. Firewall Implementations. NCSA Guidance. Managed Firewall Services (MFWS). IPSec and Firewalls. Security Mechanisms. Hash Operations. Public Keys. Session Key. Key Certification. RADIUS. Problems with RADIUS. DIAMETER.

10. Network Management.
Introduction. Importance of Standards. Key Terms. Placement of Network Management Components. The Layered Internet Management Model. Object Identifiers (OIDs). OID Examples. Examples of Network Management Operations. GET. GET RESPONSE. SET. NOTIFY (the TRAP). The MIB. The MIB-based Message. MIB Registrations. Example of SNMP Use of OIDs. SNMPv1 and SNMPv2. SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 Message Exchanges. SNMPv1 Table Access. SNMPv2 Table Access. MIB Object Groups. Examples of SNMP Messages. RMON.

11. Voice over IP (VoIP).
Introduction. Internet Telephony and Packetized Voice. Why Internet Telephony? The Business Case. Universal Presence of IP. Maturation of Technologies. The Shift to Data Networks. Why Use IP for Telephony Traffic? Barriers to Successful Deployment of IP Telephony. VoIP in the Internet and in Private Internets. The Question: Not If, but How? Configuration Options. Problems with the Configurations. Private VoIP Networks. The Next Step. E-com and IP-based Call Centers. Configuration and Topology Choices.

Appendix A: Basics of the Layered Model.
Appendix B: Basics of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Abbreviations.
Index.