Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays Book

Preface
Alternate Contents by Genre
Alternate Contents Additional Themes
CHAPTER 1. Why Read Literature?
Exercise
Why Do You Read Literature?
Why Do We Read Literature?
Bridging the Gap
Responding to What You Read
Exercise

ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken

Sample Student Response to “The Road Not Taken”

Commentary
Exercise
Considering Evidence to Support Your Response
Close Active Reading

Sample Oral Response to “The Road Not Taken”

Commentary
Exercise
Keeping a Reading Journal

Guidelines: Keeping a Reading Journal
CHAPTER 2. Joining the Conversation: Ways of Talking about Literature
PATRICIA GRACE, Butterflies (short story)

Responding to “Butterflies”
LANGSTON HUGHES, Theme for English B (poem)

Responding to “Theme for English B”
WENDY WASSERSTEIN, The Man in a Case (play)

Responding to The Man in a Case
E. B. WHITE, Education (essay)

Responding to “Education”
The Vocabulary of Literature
Actions and Events

Plot

Structure

Conflict

Irony of Situation
Box: Terms Related to Actions and Events
Exercises: Actions and Events
People

Characters: Listening and Observing
Listening
Observing

Characters: Growing and Changing

Characters: Point of View
Author and Speaker
Narrator
People in Nonfiction
Box: Terms Related to People
Exercises: People
Places and Times

Time and Place: The Cultures ofthe Work, the Writer, and the Reader
Place
Time
Box: Terms Related to Places and Times
Exercises: Places and Times
Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns

Style

Tone

Diction

Syntax

Rhythm and Rhyme

Figurative Language

Verbal Irony

Allusions
Box: Trems Related to Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns
Exercises: Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns
Ideas
Exercises: Ideas
CHAPTER 3. Continuing the Conversation: Considering Genre and Listening to Other Voices
Expectations: Short Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction
Distinctions: Short Fiction and Drama
Distinctions: Poetry
MARGARET ATWOOD, you fit into me
Distinctions: Nonfiction
An Introduction to Short Fiction

Early Forms of Fiction
Allegory
Myth
Legend
Fairy Tale
Fable
Parable

Modern Short Fiction
The Realistic Short Story
The Nonrealistic Short Story
A Word about Fiction and Truth
Guidelines: Short Fiction
An Introduction to Poetry

Suggestions for Reading Poetry

Types of Poetry
Guidelines: Poetry
An Introduction to Drama

Suggestions for Reading Drama

Traditional Forms of Drama

Modern Forms of Drama

Types of Drama
Guidelines: Drama
An Introduction to Nonfiction

Suggestions for Reading Speeches

Suggestions for Reading Letters

Suggestions for Reading Documents

Suggestions for Reading Journals and Diaries

Suggestions for Reading Essays
Guidelines: Nonfiction
Considering Other Voices

Authors’ Commentaries and Interviews

Reviews

Scholarly Criticism
CHAPTER 4. Writing About Literature
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

Responding to “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”
JOAN ALESHIRE, Slipping

Responding to “Slipping”
Preparing to Write About Literature

Understanding the Assignment

Thinking about the Assignment

Assignment Topics
Writing to Respond
Topic 1
Discovering Ideas: Journal Entries
Considering Audience
Narrowing the Topic
Devising a Preliminary Thesis Statement
Planning and Organizing
Drafting

“Changes,” KAREN ANGSTROM (draft student paper)
Revising Focus: Titles, Openings, Conclusions

Karen Angstrom’s Revision List
Editing Focus: “To Be,” Expletives, Passive Voice

Karen Angstrom’s Editing List
Proofreading Focus: Fragments and Comma Splices
Exercise
Final Copy: Writing to Respond

“Changes: For Better or Worse?” KAREN ANGSTROM (Student Paper)
Exercise
Guidelines: Writing a Response
Writing to Compare
Topic 2

Discovering Ideas: Discussion and Collaboration
Box: Strategies for Collaborative Work

Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis

Drafting

“Responses: Raging Versus Slipping,” WALTER JOHNSON (draft student paper)

Revising Focus: Transitions, Development of Ideas
Workshop Excerpt

Editing Focus: Nominalizations, Parallel Structure
Workshop Excerpt

Proofreading Focus: Subject-Verb Agreement, Tense Agreement
Workshop Excerpt
Exercise
Final Copy: Writing to Compare

“Responses: Raging Versus Slipping,” WALTER JOHNSON (student paper)
Exercise
Guidelines: Writing a Comparison
Writing to Analyze
Topic 3

Discovering Ideas: Listing and Grouping
Excerpt from Catherine Hupel's Work

Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Excerpt from Catherine Hupel's Work

Planning, Organizing, and Drafting

“Love and Loss in ‘Slipping’,” CATHERINE HUPEL (draft student paper)

Revising Focus: Using and Explaining Examples
Excerpt from Catherine Hupel's Work
Exercise

Editing Focus: Word Choice
Excerpt from Catherine Hupel's Work
Exercise

Proofreading Focus: Misplaced Modifiers
Excerpt from Catherine Hupel's Work
Exercise

Final Copy: Writing to Analyze

“Love and Loss in ‘Slipping’,” CATHERINE HUPEL (student paper)
Guidelines: Writing an Analysis
Writing to Explicate
Topic 4

Discovering Ideas: Paraphrasing


Matt Cejak’s Paraphrases (student work)

Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Excerpt from Matt Cejak’s Work

Planning and Organizing

Drafting
Excerpt from Matt Cejak’s Work

Revising Focus: Summarizing Versus Analzying
Guidelines: Preparing for a Writing Conference

Excerpt from Matt Cejak’s Writing Conference

Matt Cejak’s Second Draft

“Explication: ‘Do Not Go Gentle’,” MATTHEW CEJAK (draft student paper)

Editing Focus: Conciseness
Excerpt from Matt Cejak’s Work
Exercise

Proofreading Focus: Apostrophes, Quotation Marks to Indicate Words Used in a Special Way
Excerpt from Matt Cejak’s Work
Exercise

Final Copy: Writing to Explicate

“The Power of Sound and Sight in ‘Do Not Go Gentle’,” MATTHEW CEJAK
Exercise
Guidelines: Writing an Explication
Writing to Evaluate
Topic 5

Discovering Ideas: Interviewing

Joann Epstein’s Journal Entry

Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Excerpt from Joann Epstein’s Work

Planning and Organizing
Excerpt from Joann Epstein’s Work

Drafting

Revising Focus: Logic
Excerpt from Joann Epstein’s Work

Editing Focus: Integrating and Punctuating Quotations
Excerpt from Joann Epstein’s Work

Proofreading Focus: Pronoun Reference, Pronoun Agreement, Treatment of Titles
Excerpt from Joann Epstein’s Work

Final Copy: Writing to Evaluate

“Love and Strength,” JOANN EPSTEIN (student paper)
Exercise
Guidelines: Writing an Evaluation of Beliefs and Values
5. Argument, Critical Thinking, and Research
Argument and Critical Thinking
Definition of Argument
Purpose for Argument

"The Storm" Kate Chopin
Argument and Controversy

Determining a Thesis for Argument

Topics for Argument

Considering Audience

Exploring Ways to Refine the Thesis and Support the Argument
Close Reading
Discussion and Interviews
Library and On-line Research
Argument and Research

The Research Question

The Persuasive Research Paper

Exploring the Research Question
Resources for Research: Reference Works
Monographs and Other Books
Printed Periodicals
Online Resources
Guidelines: Locating Online Resources
Guidelines: Evaluating Internet Resources

Planning an Argument and Formulating the Thesis

Drafting an Argument

Guidelines: Rational Appeals

Revising an Argument
Using and Documenting Sources
Taking Notes
Organizing Your Notes

Summarizing and Paraphrasing

Copying Quotations
Sample Notecards
Determining What Needs to be Documentated
What Does Not Need to Be Documented
Avoiding Plagiarism
Exercise
Using and Documenting Quotations from Literary Works: MLA Style
Quoting from Poems
Quoting from Plays
Quoting from Fiction
Incorporating Material from Sources into Your Paper
Compiling a List of Works Cited
Print Resources
Oral Communication
Media and Performance Sources
Online Sources
Guidelines: Preparing the List of Works Cited
Sample of a Completed Researched Argument

“A Closer Look at Bobinôt,” JOSH LACHANCE (student paper)
Note: Selections that are new to the fifth edition are indicated with an asterisk
CHAPTER 6. Innocence and Experience
On Reading Literature Thematically: Critical Thinking Fiction
[Each chapter begins with a brief introduction to its theme]
[“Considerations” questions follow each selection]
[“Connections” questions, “Suggestions for Connections Across Chapters,” and “Suggestions for Collaborative Learning” conclude each chapter]

FICTION
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
WAKAKO YAMAUCHI, And the Soul Shall Dance
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Red Convertible
W.D. WETHERELL, The Bass, The River and Sheila Mant

POETRY
WILLIAM BLAKE, London
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Spring and Fall
A.E. HOUSMAN, When I Was One and Twenty
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident
*GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
JOHN UPDIKE, Ex-Basketball Player
SEAMUS HEANEY, Mid-Term Break
GARY SOTO, Oranges
*NAOMI SHIHAB NYE, Rain

DRAMA
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Hamlet
Commentary: CAROLYN HEILBRUN, The Character of Hamlet’s Mother
*Commentary: LAURA BOHANNAN, Shakespeare in the Bush
*Photo Essay THEN AND NOW : Images of Hamlet
*Film Connection: Hamlet

ESSAYS
LANGSTON HUGHES, Salvation
MAYA ANGELOU, Graduation in Stamps
Chapter 7. Roots, Identity, and Culture

FICTION
RICHARD WRIGHT, The Man Who Was Almost a Man (moved from Ch. 6 in Responding 4th Ed.)
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues
RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral
JOSE ARMAS, El Tonto del Barrio
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson

POETRY
PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mak
LUCILLE CLIFTON, Quilting
*LUCILLE CLIFTON, in the inner city
WOLE SOYINKA, Telephone Conversation
MARTIN ESPADA, Coca-Cola and Coco Frio
CATHY SONG, The Youngest Daughter
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Latin Women Pray
*N.SCOTT MOMADAY, New World
*SHERMAN ALEXIE, Evolution

DRAMA
ATHOL FUGARD, “Master Harold”…and The Boys
Commentary:
*ERVIN BECK "Fugard's 'Master Harold' …and The Boys
*BRIAN SUTTON "Fugard's 'Master Harold' …and The Boys (A RESPONSE TO ERVIN BECK)

ESSAYS
CHIEF SEATTLE, My People
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, Learning to Read and Write
Chapter 8. Love and Hate

FICTION
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper
Commentary:
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wallpaper”
EDITH WHARTON, Roman Fever
*SUSAN GLASPELL, A Jury of Her Peers
NADINE GORDIMER, Town and Country Lovers
RITA DOVE, Second Hand Man

Poetry
SAPPHO, To Me He Seems Like a God
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Let me not to the marriage of true minds
JOHN DONNE, The Sun Rising
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
APHRA BEHN, The Willing Mistress
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
SIR WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
*W.S. MERWIN, Separation
*KRISTINE BATEY, Lot's Wife
DONALD HALL, The Wedding Couple
TESS GALLAGHER, The Hug
*KITTY TSUI, A Chinese Banquet

Drama
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll’s House
*SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles

Essays
C.S. LEWIS, We Have No “Right to Happiness"
*JOAN DIDION, Marrying Absurd
Chapter 9. Families

Fiction
TILLIE OLSON, I Stand Here Ironing
JOYCE CAROL OATES, Shopping
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use
MARY HOOD, How Far She Went
*GISH JEN "Who's Irish?"

Poetry
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz
SHARON OLDS, The Possessive
SYLVIA PLATH, Metaphors
DONALD HALL, My Son, My Executioner
NEAL BOWERS, Driving Lesson
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
Commentary:
DAVID HUDDLE, ‘The Banked Fires’ of Robert Hayden’s ‘Those Winter Sundays’
*URSULA K. LEGUIN, The Old Falling Down
*LOUSE GLÜCK, Terminal Resemblance
*GAIL MAZUR, Family Plot, October

Drama
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus Rex
*LANGSTON HUGHES, Soul Gone Home

Essays
*RAYMOND CARVER, My Father's Life
*JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood
PHOTO ESSAY: THEN AND NOW: Images of Families
*Chapter 10. Nature

Fiction
*STEPHEN CRANE, The Open Boat
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
EUDORA WELTY, A Worn Path
Commentary:
EUDORA WELTY, Is Phoenix Jackson’s Grandson Really Dead?
*LESLIE MARMON SILKO, The Man to Send Rain Clouds

Poetry
Haiku

Moritake, Fallen Petals Rise

So Kan, If Only We Could

Meisetsu, City People

Kyoshi, The Snake
*WILLIAM BLAKE, The Tyger
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The World Is Too much With Us
*JOHN KEATS, La Belle Dame Sans Merci
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God’s Grandeur
*JEAN TOOMER, November Cotton Flower
*H.D. (HILDA DOOLITTLE), Sheltered Garden
ELIZABETH BISHOP, The Fish
WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling Through the Dark
MARY OLIVER, A Certain Sharpness in the Morning

Drama
*JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE, Riders to the Sea

Essays
BARRY HOLSTUN LOPEZ, Landscape and Narrative
*ANNIE DILLARD, The Deer at Providencia
*VIRGINIA WOOLF, The Death of a Moth”
Chapter 11. War and Power

Fiction
AMBROSE BIERCE, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
FRANK O’CONNOR, Guests of the Nation
Commentary:
STANLEY RENNER, The Theme of Hidden Powers: Fate vs. Human Responsibility in “Guests of the Nation”
CYNTHIA OZICK, The Shawl
TIM O’BRIEN, The Things They Carried
*BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief

Poetry
*PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias
*WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Second Coming
THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
RANDALL JARRELL, Gunner
DENISE LEVERTOV, What Were They Like
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
CAROLYN FORCHE, The Colonel
STEPHEN DUNN, On Hearing the Airlines Will Use a Psychological Profile to Catch Potential Skyjackers (Moved from Ch. 6, Responding 4th ed)
*GALWAY KINNELL, When the Towers Fell

Drama
SOPHOCLES, Antigone

Essays
ANDREW LAM, Goodbye, Saigon, Finally
BARBARA KINGSOLVER, And Our Flag Was Still There
*NAOMI SHIHAB NYE, To Any Would-Be Terrorists
*PHOTO ESSAY: THEN AND NOW: Images of War
*FILM CONNECTION: Three Kings
Chapter 12. Technology and Ethics

Fiction
*NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Birthmark
KAY BOYLE, The Astronomer’s Wife (Moved from Chapter 8, Responding 4th ed)
*B. TRAVEN, Assembly Line
*DON DELILLO, Videotape
*GEORGE SAUNDERS, My Flamboyant Grandson

Poetry
*EMILY DICKINSON, I like to see it lap the Miles
*WALT WHITMAN, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer
*WILLIAM JAY SMITH, Galileo Galilei
*ADRIENNE RICH, Power
*MARGARET ATWOOD, The City Planners
*CHARLES BUKOWSKI, maybe we'll see . . .
*MARGE PIERCY, The Market Economy
*ELLEN WOLFE, Amniocentesis
*MICHAEL RYAN, TV Room at the Children's Hospice

Drama
*MARGARET EDSON,Wit
Commentaries:

*LLOYD ROSE, Review of Wit

*ALVIN KLEIN, A Professor's Passions in Life and Death


Essays
*REBECCA MEAD, Eggs for Sale
*LOGAN HILL, Racial Digital Divide [?]
Chapter 13. Death

Fiction
CHEWING BLACKBONES, Old Man and Old Woman
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Black Cat
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
Commentary:
WILLIAM FAULKNER, On the Meaning of “A Rose for Emily”
ALICE WALKER, To Hell with Dying

Poetry
JOHN DONNE, Death Be Not Proud
EMILY DICKINSON, Apparently With No Surprise
EMILY DICKINSON, I heard a fly buzz—when I died—
EMILY DICKINSON, The Bustle in a House
A.E. HOUSMAN, To An Athlete Dying Young
e.e. cummings, Buffalo Bill's
LANGSTON HUGHES, Night Funeral in Harlem
THEODORE ROETHKE, Elegy for Jane
DENISE LEVERTOV, During a Son’s Dangerous Illness
SEAMUS HEANEY, Punishment (Moved from ch. 6, Responding 4th edition)
*WILLIAM TREMBLAY, The Lost Boy
MICHAEL LASSELL, How to Watch Your Brother Die

Drama
HARVEY FIERSTEIN, On Tidy Endings

Essays
ELIZABETH KUBLER-ROSS, On the Fear of Death
BARBARA HUTTMAN, A Crime of Compassion (Moved from Ch. 6, Responding 4th ed.)
Chapter 14. Connections: Art and Poetry (color section)
Topics for Discussion and Writing
Sample Assignment and Student Paper

Death’s Image, JANICE MOORE (student paper)
RANDALL JARRELL, The Knight, Death, and the Devil

Albrecht Durer’s Knight, Death, and the Devil
ANNE SEXTON, The Starry Night

Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night

Pieter Breughel the Elder’s Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
W.H. AUDEN, Musee des Beaux Arts
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Great Figure

Charles Henry Demuth’s I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
DAVID RAY, A Midnight Diner by Edward Hopper

Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks
SAMUEL YELLEN, Nighthawks

Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks
DONALD HALL, The Scream

Edvard Munch’s The Scream
NATALIE SAFIR, Matisse’s Dance

Henri Matisse’s Dance
WALLACE STEVENS, The Man With the Blue Guitar

Pablo Picasso’s The Old Guitarist
PATRICIA HAMPL, Woman Before an Aquarium

Henri Matisse’s Woman Before an Aquarium
ADAM ZAGAJEWSKI, Edgar Degas: The Millinery Shop

Edgar Degas’s The Millinery Shop
JON STALLWORTHY, Toulouse-Lautrec at the Moulin Rouge

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge
*MARTHA HOLLANDER, The Phantom Cart

Salvador Dali, The Phantom Cart

Edward Hopper, Rooms by the Sea
*JOHN HOLLANDER, Rooms By the Sea
*KARL KIRCHWEY, Dialogue

Albert Giacometti, Hands Holding the Void
*MARILYN CHANDLER McENTRYRE, Jesus and theWoman at the Well

Rembrant van Rijn, Christ and the Woman of Samaria

Chapter 15. Four Poets, Then and Now
Making Connections
Timeline: Key Events in the Lives of Three American Poets
EMILY DICKINSON
Biography
If I can stop on heart from breaking
Wild Nights – Wild Nights
There’s a certain Slant of light
I’m Nobody! Who are you?
“Heaven” – is what I cannot reach!
After great pain, a formal feeling comes—
The Brain – is wider than the Sky –
This is my letter to the World
The Soul selects her own Society –
I felt a Cleaving in my Mind –
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant –
ROBERT FROST
Biography
Mending Wall
Home Burial
“Out, Out—“
Nothing Gold Can Stay
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Acquainted with the Night
Desert Places
A Critical Casebook on Robert Frost
“Mending Wall,” DONALD CUNNINGHAM
From The Figure a Poem Makes, ROBERT FROST
From The Indispensable Robert Frost, DONALD J. GREINER
“One Long, Wild Conversation”: Robert Frost as Teacher,” JAY PARINI
*"The Place Is the Asylum": Women and Nature in Robert's Frost's Poetry
*BILLY COLLINS
*Biography

*The History Teacher

*Jack

*Going Out For Cigarettes

*My Life

*The Names
*RITA DOVE
*Biography

*Geometry
*Adolescence—I
*Grape Sherbert
*Adolescence—II

*Daystar
*Poem in Which I Refuse Contemplation

*Missing

Glossary of Literary Terms
Credits
Index of First Lines
Index of Authors, Titles, and Subjects