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| List of Plates | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | ||
| Preface to the Second Edition | ||
| List of Abbreviations | ||
| Introduction | 1 | |
| Being Prejudiced in Favour of Literacy | 7 | |
| Medieval, Renaissance, and Reformation Literacy | 11 | |
| England's Place in Medieval Literacy | 16 | |
| Pt. I | The Making of Records | 23 |
| 1 | Memories and Myths of the Norman Conquest | 25 |
| Anglo-Saxon Uses of Writing | 26 | |
| The Uses of Domesday Book | 32 | |
| Edward I's 'Quo Warranto' Proceedings and the Earl Warenne | 35 | |
| 2 | The Proliferation of Documents | 44 |
| Documents at Village Level | 46 | |
| The Chronology of Charter Making | 52 | |
| The Output of Royal Documents | 57 | |
| Documents and Bureaucracy | 62 | |
| The Work of Hubert Walter | 68 | |
| Royal Influence on Other Records | 74 | |
| 3 | Types of Record | 81 |
| The Variety of Writings | 81 | |
| Statements Issued by Individuals | 85 | |
| Memoranda Kept by Institutions | 92 | |
| Learned and Literary Works | 104 | |
| Liturgical Books | 109 | |
| 4 | The Technology of Writing | 114 |
| The Scribe and his Materials | 115 | |
| Wax, Parchment, and Wood | 118 | |
| Committing Words to Writing | 125 | |
| Layout and Format | 132 | |
| Rolls or Books? | 135 | |
| 5 | The Preservation and Use of Documents | 145 |
| Monastic Documents for Posterity | 146 | |
| Secular Documents for Daily Use | 149 | |
| Archives and Libraries | 154 | |
| The Royal Archives | 162 | |
| Ways of Remembering | 172 | |
| Ways of Indexing | 177 | |
| Pt. II | The Literate Mentality | 185 |
| What Reading Meant | 191 | |
| 6 | Languages of Record | 197 |
| Walter of Bibbesworth's Treatise | 197 | |
| The Variety of Languages | 200 | |
| Spoken and Written Language | 206 | |
| Chronological Development | 211 | |
| The Writing down of French | 215 | |
| Royal Documents in Latin, French, and English | 220 | |
| 7 | Literature and Illiterate | 224 |
| Meanings of 'Clericus' and 'Litteratus' | 226 | |
| The Question of the Literacy of the Laity | 231 | |
| Knowledge of Latin among Non-Churchmen | 234 | |
| The Acquisition of Clerical Education | 240 | |
| Educated Knights | 246 | |
| 8 | Hearing and Seeing | 253 |
| Symbolic Objects and Documents | 254 | |
| The Spoken versus the Written Word | 260 | |
| Listening to the Word | 266 | |
| The Spoken Word in Legal Procedure | 272 | |
| Writings as Works of Art | 278 | |
| Word and Image | 283 | |
| 9 | Trusting Writing | 294 |
| Memory and Writing | 295 | |
| Dating Documents | 299 | |
| Signing Documents | 304 | |
| The Symbolism of Seals and Crosses | 308 | |
| Forging Documents | 318 | |
| 10 | Practical Literacy | 328 |
| Further Reading on the History of Literacy | 335 | |
| Literacy in History in General | 335 | |
| Readers and Writers in Medieval Europe | 337 | |
| Methods of Writing and Making Books in Medieval Europe | 340 | |
| Readers and Writers in Medieval England | 341 | |
| Records and Manuscript-Making in Medieval England | 343 | |
| Plates | 346 | |
| Index | 386 |
| Price | Condition | Delivery | Seller | Action |
| $99.99 | Digital |
| WonderClub |
Carole Robbins
reviewed Memory To Written Record 2e on March 21, 2011
Memory To Written Record 2e
This is a really nerdy book, in the best way possible. It examines the transition from a culture that was predominantly oral (with the modern idea of literacy being reserved to a small class of intellectual elite that viewed it as a predominantly theological pursuit) to a culture that was increasingly based on written documentation and practical literacy for a growing proportion of the populace. The gist of the argument suggests that as the English government came to increasingly utilize written documentation to rule - Clanchy suggests documentation increased tenfold during the 12th and 13th centuries - it became in the practical interest of an increasingly big circle of people to become familiar with written culture. Clanchy looks into issues like types of documents, the changing of scripts, the use of seals, the lingering of oral traditions, the early attempts at creating governmental archives, and what exactly it meant to be literate in the Middle Ages.
Another nice thing is Clanchy's reminder that literacy isn't necessarily a mark of cultural superiority or improvement in education. There are loads of ways to be educated without the ability to read or write texts, and lots of medieval people who could write weren't considered to be particularly educated. And as written records came to predominate in England they seemed to cause as many problems as they alleviated. Practical literacy for the all people was not really a thing until the 1800s or so, but it's become so entrenched in the way that we think about things and about the way we define what makes an educated individual that reading this book is a really fascinating and eye-opening experience.
It can be a bit dry in places, but it's also filled with some great anecdotes and Clanchy is a good writer. The sections on types of documents and the technology of writing is also a great primer for anyone who plans to work with medieval documents at any point.
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