Wildebeest

Although it looks frightening, the horned wildebeest is neither aggressive nor particularly dangerous. When approached, it will stab the ground with its horns, stamp its hooves, and trash its tail menacingly. It may even lower its head and pretend to charge. But if this display fails stop the intruder, the wildebeest will retreat and repeat its performance from a safe distance. Territorial battles between males involve a similar confrontation. Trespassers are first threatened with loud bellowing calls. If this warning is ignored, the pair meets in a head-to-head trial of strength. Horns may lock, but the fights are rarely bloody. The wildebeest usual response to danger is flight. Wildebeest live in a herds of up to 100 animals. If a herb member spots danger, such as a pride of lions out hunting, it sounds a warning and the whole herd flees.

Wildebeest communicate visually, vocally, and through olfaction. A male's bellow can carry up to 2 km. Preorbital and pedal gland secretions are important in olfactory communications, along with urine and feces. Pedal glands allow herds to follow one another during migrations. Wildebeest rub their preorbital glands and faces on the behinds of others for social contact. Individuals may also sniff and rub their nose and neck on other individuals.

The breeding habits of the wildebeest vary depending on whether it belongs to a traveling herd. Traveling herds contain animals of all ages and both sexes. The mature male may establish a breeding territory and mate with any females entering it. Sedentary (non traveling) wildebeest tend to be more organized. Females with young form separate herds of 10 to 1,000. Males leave the female herds when they are about year old and join separate bachelor groups.

The wildebeest lives in fertile plains and open woodland, where it grazes on short sweet grass. A taste for this type of grass often leads the wildebeest to recently burn areas, where the fire has cleared the tall, dry scrub, allowing shorter grass to grow. The wildebeest may also follow behind other grazing animals that eat the taller, coarser vegetation. It also eats succulent plants and browses on karroo bushes. It begins grazing soon after sunrise, rests briefly at midday, an continues feeding until sunset. Although wildebeest are know for their seasonal migrations, not all wildebeest migrate. If there is a constant supply of fresh green grass, they remain in the same area all year. Only when there is severe seasonal drought does the wildebeest migrate in search for food. Herds of over 1,000 animals may then thunder over the plains, raising dark clouds of dust visible for many miles. Hundreds die on these journeys. Many drown as they try to cross-flowing rivers.