World Atlas of Mangroves Book

Tables, Boxes and Maps

Acknowledgements

Foreword

Preface

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Introduction

1 Mangrove Ecosystems 1

Mangrove plants 1

The mangrove environment 5

Mangrove distribution 6

Biogeographic patterns 7

Mangrove ecology 11

2 Mangroves and People 23

Ecosystem servies 24

Human impacts 31

Managing mangroves 37

Summary 43

3 Mapping Mangroves 47

The current work 47

UNEP ---World Conservation Monitoring Centre mangrove maps 48

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) mangrove maps 49

Other sources 49

Mangrove area statistics 50

Output maps 51

Map key 52

4 Eastern and Southern Africa 57

The Comoros Archipelago: Comoros and Mayotte 57

Kenya 58

Madagascar 61

The Mascarene Islands: Mauritius and Reunion 61

Mozambique 62

The Seychelles 64

Somalia 64

South Africa 65

Tanzania 67

5 The Middle East 71

Bahrain 71

Djibouti 71

Egypt 72

Eritrea 74

Iran 75

Kuwait 75

Oman 77

Qatar 77

Saudi Arabia 79

Sudan 80

United Arab Emirates 80

Yemen 82

6 South Asia 85

Bangladesh 85

India 88

The Maldives and the British Indian Ocean Territory 94

Pakistan 94

Sri Lanka 96

7 South-East Asia 103

Brunei Darussalam 103

Cambodia 104

Indonesia 105

Malaysia 114

Myanmar 118

The Philippines 121

Singapore 125

Thailand 125

Timor-Leste 128

Vietnam 129

8 East Asia 135

China 135

Taiwan 137

Japan 139

9 Australia and New Zealand 143

Australia 143

New Zealand 155

10 Pacific Islands 161

Melanesia 161

Fiji 161

New Caledonia 163

Papua New Guinea 164

Solomon Islands 166

Vanuatu 169

Micronesia 169

Federated States of Micronesia 169

Guam 172

Kiribati 172

Marshall Islands 173

Nauru 173

Northern Mariana Islands 173

Palau 173

Polynesia 174

American Samoa 174

French Polynesia 174

Hawaii 174

Niue 175

Samoa 175

Tokelau 175

Tonga 175

Tuvalu 175

Wallis and Futuna 176

11 North and Central America and the Caribbean 181

The Bahamas 181

Belize 183

Bermuda 183

Cayman Islands 185

Costa Rica 185

Cuba 186

The Dominican Republic 189

El Salvador 191

Guatemala 191

Haiti 192

Honduras 192

Jamaica 193

Lesser Antilles 194

Anguilla (UK) 194

Antigua and Barbuda 194

Barbados 196

British Virgin Islands (UK) 196

Dominica 196

Grenada and the Grenadines 196

Guadeloupe (France) 196

Martinique (France) 197

Montserrat (UK) 197

Netherlands Antilles and Aruba (Netherlands) 197

St Kitts and Nevis 197

St Lucia 198

St Vincent and the Grenadines 198

US Virgin Island (USA) 198

Mexico 198

Nicaragua 204

Panama 206

Puerto Rico 207

Trinidad and Tobago 207

Turks and Caicos 208

United States of America 208

12 South Americaa 215

Brazil 215

Colombia 222

Ecuador 225

French Guiana 229

Guyana 232

Peru 232

Suiname 234

Venezuela 234

13 West and Central Africa 241

Angola 241

Benin 242

Cameroon 243

Congo 243

Democratic Republic of the Congo 245

Equatorial Guinea 246

Gabon 246

The Gambia 247

Ghana 249

Guinea 250

Guinea-Bissau 252

Liberia 253

Mauritania 253

Nigeria 255

Sao Tome and Principe 257

Senegal 258

Sierra Leone 260

Togo 261

Annex 1 Species Descriptions and Range Maps 263

Annex 2 National Species Lists 277

Annex 3 National Statistics 287

Index 305