Theories of Democratic Network Governance Book

List of Tables, Figures and Boxes     xi
Foreword     xii
Notes on Contributors     xiii
Introduction: Governance Network Research: Towards a Second Generation   Eva Sorensen   Jacob Torfing     1
The rise of governance network research     3
The aims of this book     7
Defining governance networks     8
Merits and problems of network governance     11
First and second generation research     14
Plan of the book     20
Governance Network Dynamics
Theoretical Approaches to Governance Network Dynamics   Eva Sorensen   Jacob Torfing     25
Introduction     25
Historical institutionalism     31
Rational choice institutionalism     33
Social constructivist (or normative) institutionalism     35
Poststructuralist institutionalism     38
Similarities and differences     41
The structure of Part I     42
Mechanisms of Governance Network Formation - a Contextual Rational Choice Perspective   Nils Hertting     43
Introduction     43
Interpretation, rational choice and mechanisms     45
Contextual mechanism: perceived interdependencies     47
Actor calculation mechanism: preference for informal networks     50
The game mechanism: the problem of continuous cooperation     51
Collective actors and vertical games     56
Summary and conclusion     57
Virtuous and Vicious Circles in Democratic Network Governance   B. Guy Peters     61
Institutionalization and deinstitutionalization     62
Factors associated with virtuous and vicious spirals     65
Political factors     66
Functional factors     69
Social pressures     70
Other factors in explaining success     71
Characteristics of the members     71
Operating environment     73
Tasks     74
Summary and conclusions     74
Decentred Theory, Change and Network Governance   Mark Bevir   R. A. W. Rhodes     77
Introduction     77
Positivist approaches to network governance     78
Decentring network governance     80
The analysis of change in networks     81
Managing change in networks     83
Conclusions     87
Governance Network Failure
Theoretical Approaches to Governance Network Failure   Eva Sorensen   Jacob Torfing     95
Interdependency theory     98
Governability theory     102
Integration theory     104
Governmentality theory     106
Similarities and differences     108
The structure of Part II     110
Closure and Governance   Linze Schaap     111
Introduction     111
Governance networks: open, closed, or both?     112
A systems theoretical contribution?     113
Governance networks and types of social systems     117
Two types of closure     118
Three explanations for closure     121
The relations between explanations for closure     123
Governing closed networks?     124
Governing veto power?     125
Governing closed frames of reference?     128
Governing closed policy communication systems?     129
Some concluding remarks     131
Consensus and Conflict in Policy Networks: Too Much or Too Little?   Joop F. M. Koppenjan     133
Introduction     133
Consensus and conflict: an exploration of two ambivalent concepts     135
The first face of policy networks: a surplus of consensus      138
The second face of policy networks: insufficient consensus     143
The true face of policy networks and its implications for network governance     147
Conclusion: managing the consensus-conflict dimension in network-settings     151
Network Governance: Effective and Legitimate?   Tanja A. Borzel   Diana Panke     153
Introduction     153
Networks as governance     154
The demand for effectiveness and legitimacy     156
Effectiveness and legitimacy: a trade-off?     163
Conclusion     165
Metagovernance
Theoretical Approaches to Metagovernance   Eva Sorensen   Jacob Torfing     169
Introduction     169
Interdependency theory     170
Governability theory     172
Integration theory     175
Governmentality theory     178
Similarities and differences between the theories     180
Where to go from here?     181
Governing the Formation and Mobilization of Governance Networks   Peter Triantafillou     183
Introduction     183
Governmentality and advanced liberal government     185
Mobilizing agency     187
Governing through the formation of autonomy and interdependencies     190
Governing the performance of networks     194
Conclusion     196
Meta-governance as Network Management   Erik-Hans Klijn   Jurian Edelenbos     199
Introduction: a network management perspective on meta-governance     199
Process design and management: setting up and facilitating network interactions     201
Institutional design: changing the network     206
Good network management: skills and competencies     211
Research challenges     213
Governing Outputs and Outcomes of Governance Networks   Laurence J. O'Toole, Jr     215
Framing the subject     215
Two notions of meta-governance     218
Meta-governance in action     221
Possibilities for public authorities to shape network outputs and outcomes     223
Meta-governance via policy formulation     223
Assisting in the play of the game     224
Linking and segmenting games     225
Changing the game: active meta-governance by public authorities     226
Conclusion     228
Democratic Network Governance
Theoretical Approaches to Democratic Network Governance   Eva Sorensen   Jacob Torfing      233
Introduction     233
Governance networks and liberal democracy     234
Governance networks and postliberal democracy     236
Similarities and differences between the theories     245
Where to go from here?     246
Governance Networks and Participation   Allan Dreyer Hansen     247
The common good     249
Learning democracy     251
Equality     254
Conclusion     258
Networks and Democratic Ideals: Equality, Freedom, and Communication   John S. Dryzek     262
Applying the standard democratic principles to networks     263
Beyond lingering statism in democratic theory     264
Networks and the communicative aspect of democratic theory     266
Who communicates     268
Beyond models of democracy     269
The contribution of governance networks to democracy     271
Conclusion     273
Democratic Accountability and Network Governance - Problems and Potentials   Anders Esmark     274
Democratic network governance?     274
Accountability as a democratic norm     276
Accountability and inclusion     278
First challenge: finding the holders and holdees     282
Accountability and publicity     284
Second challenge: sufficient publicity     287
Accountability and responsiveness     290
Third challenge: adequate responsiveness     293
Conclusion     295
The Second Generation of Governance Network Theory and Beyond   Eva Sorensen   Jacob Torfing     297
Governance networks are here to stay     297
A multi-theoretical approach to network governance     299
Contributions to our understanding of governance networks     303
Where next?     310
Bibliography     316
Index     343