The Reference Materials of the European Communities: Results of Hemocompatibility Tests Book

Foreword. The Concerted Action EUROBIOMAT — Hemocompatibility —. Introduction. Part I: Physical, Chemical and Physico-Chemical Methods for Surface and Bulk Characterization. Surface Characterization of EUROBIOMAT Reference Polymers. Surface Analysis of Polymer Biomaterials by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). Surface Infrared Analysis of Standard Biomaterials. Contact Angles of Polymer Reference Materials. Zeta-Potentials and Surface Tensions. The Surface Energy Spectra of Polumers. Supercriticial Fluid Extraction/Chromatography (SFE/C) of Additives from Standard Biomaterials for Use in Biocompatibility Testing. Determination of Surface Energetic properties by Contact Angle Measurements. Advancing and Receding Water Contact Angle Measurements with Drops, Bubbles and Plates. Screening Test for Residual Ethylene Oxide on Reference Materials. The Average Molecular Weight of the Reference Materials. Part II: Biological, Biochemical, Immunological, Hematological and Toxicological Methods to Evaluate the Biocompatibility of the Reference Materials. Activation of the Human Complement System by 'Standard' Polymers. Photometric Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantitative Determination of C3a-des Arg in Human Plasma Incubated with polymeric Biomaterials. Complement Activation, Cytotoxicity and leaching of Substances. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Biocompatibility Testing. Measurement of Platelet Adhesion, Released beta-Thromboglobulin and Generated Fibrinopeptide A Using Whole Non-anti-coagulated Blood at Flow Conditions. Perfusion Technique for in vitro Evaluation of Platelet Interaction with Biomaterials in Catheter Form. In vitro Hemocompatibility Scredding Test by using the Resonance-Thrombography. The Hemocompatibility of Reference materials in vitro; Comparative Investigation of Platelet Adhesion/Activation and Platelet Aggregability. Cell Culture Cytotxocity Assays as Part of the Biocoompatibility Testing of Standard Biomaterals. Quantitative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity in vitro of Extracts from Standard Biomaterials. In vitro Toxicity of the Reference Materials. The Ciliata-Test. Keratinocyte Cell Cultures for Testing of a Polether-Urethane as a Diffusion Limiting and Potentially Haemocaompatible External Membrane for Enzyme Electrode Biocompatibility Evaluation of Reference Materials.