List of illustrations
Preface
EXPLORATION AND THE COLONIES, 1492-1791 Virginia and the South New England Timeline: Exploration and the Colonies
NATIVES AND EXPLORERSNATIVE LITERATURE: THE ORAL TRADITION A Tale of the Sky World The Chief’s Daughters Coyote and Bear Twelfth Song of the Thunder The Corn Grows Up At the Time of the White Dawn Snake the Cause The Weaver’s Lamentation CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451–1506) [Report on the First Voyage] GIOVANNI DA VERRAZZANO (1485?–1528) From Verrazzano's Voyage: 1524 ALVAR NÚÑEZ CABEZ DE VACA (c. 1490–c. 1557) From The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca Chapter 12: The Indians Bring Us Food Chapter 16: The Christians Leave the Island of Malhado RICHARD HAKLUYT (1552–1616) From The Famous Voyage of Sir Francis Drake [Nova Albion] SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN (c. 1567–1635) From Voyages of Samuel de Champlain: The Voyages of 1604–1607 Chapter 8: Continuation of the discoveries along the coast of the Almouchiquois, and what we observed in detail
THE COLONIESJOHN SMITH (1580–1631) From The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles From The Third Book: The Proceedings and Accidents of the English Colony in Virginia Chapter II: What Happened till the First Supply From The Fourth Book: The Proceedings of the English after the Alteration of the Government of Virginia John Smith's Relation to Queen Anne of Pocahontas (1616) From The Sixth Book: The General History of New England The Description of New England WILLIAM BRADFORD (1590–1657) From Of Plymouth Plantation, Book I Chapter IX: Of Their Voyage, and How They Passed the Sea; and of Their Safe Arrival at Cape Cod Chapter X: Showing How They Sought Out a Place of Habitation; and What Befell Them Thereabout From Of Plymouth Plantation, Book II [The Mayflower Compact (1620)] [Compact with the Indians (1621)] [First Thanksgiving (1621)] [Narragansett Challenge (1622)] [Thomas Morton of Merrymount (1628)] THOMAS MORTON (c. 1579–1647) New English Canaan From The First Book: Containing the Original of the Natives, Their Manners, and Customs, with Their Tractable Nature and Love towards the English Chapter IV: Of Their Houses and Habitations Chapter XV: Of Their Admirable Perfection in the Use of the Senses From The Third Book Containing a Description of the People That Are Planted There, What Remarkable Accidents Have Happened There Since They Were Settled, What Tenants They Hold, Together with the Practice of Their Church Chapter XIV: Of the Revels of New Canaan Chapter XV: Of a Great Monster Supposed to be at Ma–re Mount and the Preparation Made to Destroy It JOHN WINTHROP (1588–1649) From A Model of Christian Charity Chapter 1, A Model Hereof ROGER WILLIAMS (1603?–1683) From The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for Cause of Conscience Preface Chapter XCIII Letter to the Town of Providence
PURITANISMANNE BRADSTREET (1612?–1672) The Prologue The Flesh and the Spirit Contemplations The Author to Her Book Before the Birth of One of Her Children To My Dear and Loving Husband A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment Another [Letter of Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment] In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August, 1665 Being a Year and a Half Old Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th, 1666 MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH (1631–1705) From The Day of Doom MARY ROWLANDSON (1636?–1711?) From A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson SAMUEL SEWALL (1652–1730) From The Diary of Samuel Sewall [Customs, Courts, and Courtships] EDWARD TAYLOR (1642?–1729) The Preface Meditation 1, First Series Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children The Experience Huswifery Meditation 8, First Series Upon a Spider Catching a Fly A Fig for Thee Oh! Death
CROSSCURRENTS: Puritans, Indians, and WitchcraftWILLIAM WOOD (FL 1628–1635) [Native Religion] JOHN WINTHROP (1588–1649) [The Trial of Margaret Jones] COTTON MATHER (1663–1728) [Indian Powaws and Witchcraft] MARY TOWNE EASTY (1634?–1692) [The Petition of Mary Easty] SAMUEL SEWALL (1652–1730) [A Witchcraft Judge’s Confession of Guilt]
COTTON MATHER (1663–1728) From The Wonders of the Invisible World Enchantments Encountered The Trial of Bridget Bishop, alias Oliver, at the Court of Oyer and Terminer, Held at Salem, June 2, 1692 A Third Curiosity From Magnalia Christi Americana The Life of John Winthrop From Bonifacius: Essays to Do Good On Internal Piety and Self–Examination SARAH KEMBLE KNIGHT (1666–1727) From The Journal of Madam Knight [New England Frontier] [Connecticut] [New York City]
THE SOUTH AND THE MIDDLE COLONIESWILLIAM BYRD (1674–1744) From The History of the Dividing Line [The Marooner] [Lubberland] [Indian Neighbors] JOHN WOOLMAN (1720–1772) From The Journal of John Woolman 1720–1742 [Early Years] 1749–1756 [On Merchandise] 1757 [Evidence of Divine Truth] [Slavery] 1755–1758 [Taxes and Wars] ST JEAN DE CRÈVECOEUR (1735–1813) From Letters from an American Farmer What Is an American? Description of Charles–Town; Thoughts on Slavery; On Physical Evil; A Melancholy Scene From Sketches of Eighteenth Century America Manners of the Americans WILLIAM BARTRAM (1739–1823) From Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida [Alligators] [The Amazing Crystal Fountain]
REASON AND REVOLUTION, 1725-1800The Enlightenment and the Spirit of Rationalism From Neoclassical to Romantic Literature Timeline: Reason and Revolution JONATHAN EDWARDS (1703–1758) Sarah Pierrepont From A Divine and Supernatural Light Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Personal Narrative BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706–1790) From The Autobiography From Poor Richard's Almanack Preface to Poor Richard, 1733 The Way to Wealth: Preface to Poor Richard, 1758 The Speech of Polly Baker An Edict by the King of Prussia From Information to Those Who Would Remove to America Letter to Ezra Stiles [Here Is My Creed] Speech in the [Constitutional] Convention, at the Conclusion of Its Deliberations THOMAS PAINE (1737–1809) From Common Sense Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs The American Crisis From The Age of Reason [Profession of Faith] [Of Myth and Miracle] [Christian Revelation and Nature] [First Cause: God of Reason] [Recapitulation] JOHN ADAMS (1735–1826) and ABIGAIL ADAMS (1744–1818) Letters THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743–1826) The Declaration of Independence First Inaugural Address From Notes on the State of Virginia [A Southerner on Slavery] [Speech of Logan] Letter to Dr Benjamin Rush [The Christian Deist] Letter to John Adams [The True Aristocracy] OLAUDAH EQUIANO (1745?–1797?) From The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Chapter 2 [Horrors of a Slave Ship] Chapter 3 [Travels from Virginia to England] Chapter 7 [He Purchases His Freedom] PHILLIS WHEATLEY (1753?–1784) To the University of Cambridge, in New-England On Being Brought from Africa to America On the Death of the Reverend Mr. George Whitefield An Hymn to the Evening To S. M. a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works To His Excellency General Washington THE FEDERALIST (1787–1788) The Federalist No. 1 [Alexander Hamilton] The Federalist No. 10 [James Madison] PHILIP FRENEAU (1752–1832) To Sir Toby To the Memory of the Brave Americans On Mr. Paine's Rights of Man The Wild Honey Suckle The Indian Burying Ground On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature JOEL BARLOW (1754–1812) The Hasty–Pudding ROYALL TYLER (1757–1826) The Contrast SUSANNA HASWELL ROWSON (1762–1824) From Charlotte Temple: A Tale of Truth Preface Chapter I A Boarding School Chapter VI An Intriguing Teacher Chapter VII Natural Sense of Propriety Inherent in the Female Bosom Chapter IX We Know Not What a Day May Bring Forth Chapter XII Chapter XVIII Reflections Chapter XX Chapter XXXIII Which People Void of Feeling Need Not Read Chapter XXXIV Retribution CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN (1771–1810) From Edgar Huntly Chapter XV Chapter XVI
THE ROMANTIC TEMPER, 1800-1870Regional Influences Nature and the Land The Original Native Americans Timeline: The Romantic Temper RED JACKET (c. 1752–1830) [The Great Spirit Has Made Us All] TECUMSEH (1768–1813) [The White Men Are Not Friends to the Indians] WASHINGTON IRVING (1783–1859) From The Sketch Book The Author's Account of Himself Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
CROSSCURRENTS: Romanticism and the American Indian SIR WALTER SCOTT (1771–1832) [The Novel and the Romance] WASHINGTON IRVING (1783–1859)*Traits of Indian CharacterJANE JOHNSTON SCHOOLCRAFT [BAMEWAWAGEZHIKAQUAY] (1800–1842)*Invocation: To My Material Grandfather on Hearing of His Descent from Chippewa Ancestors MisrepresentedWILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS (1806–1870) [The American Romance]LYDIA MARIA CHILD (1802–1880) *The Lone Indian LYDIA HOWARD HUNTLEY SIGOURNEY (1791–1865) The Indian’s Welcome to the Pilgrim FathersIndian Names
JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (1789–1851) From The Pioneers, or The Sources of the Susquehanna Chapter I Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VII Chapter XVII Chapter XVIII Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII Chapter XXIV Chapter XXVI Chapter XXVII Chapter XXVIII Chapter XXX Chapter XXXI Chapter XXXIII Chapter XXXV Chapter XXXVI Chapter XXXVII Chapter XXXVIII Chapter XXXIX Chapter XL Chapter XLI CATHERINE MARIA SEDGWICK (1789–1867) From Hope Leslie, or Early Times in Massachusetts Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (1794–1878) Thanatopsis The Yellow Violet Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood To a Waterfowl A Forest Hymn To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe To the Fringed Gentian The Prairies The Poet The Death of Lincoln HENRY ROWE SCHOOLCRAFT (1793–1864) Manabozho or, The Great Incarnation of the North CAROLINE STANSBURY KIRKLAND (1801–1864) From A New Home: Who'll Follow? Chapter I Chapter II Chapter V Chapter VI FRANCIS PARKMAN (1823–1893) From The Oregon Trail Chapter XXIV: The Chase
*CROSSCURRENTS: Nature and the Environment in a New WorldFRANCIS HIGGINSON (1586–1630)From New England’s PlantationWILLIAM BARTRAM (1739–1832)From Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida [Indian Corn, Green Meadows, and Strawberry Fields]JOHN JAMES AUDUBON (1785–1851)*From The Ornithological Biography Kentucky SportsFRANCIS PARKMAN (1823–1893)*From The Oregon Trail Chapter VII: The BuffaloJANE JOHNSTON SCHOOLCRAFT [BAMEWAWAGEZHIKAQUAY] (1800–1842)*On Leaving My Children John and Jane at School, in the Atlantic States, and Preparing to Return to the Interior
ROMANTICISM AT MID-CENTURYEDGAR ALLAN POE (1809–1849) Romance Sonnet—To Science Lenore The Sleeper Israfel To Helen The City in the Sea Sonnet—Silence The Raven Ulalume The Bells Annabel Lee Ligeia The Fall of the House of Usher *The Tell-Tale Heart The Purloined Letter The Cask of Amontillado The Philosophy of Composition NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804–1864) My Kinsman, Major Molineux Young Goodman Brown The Minister's Black Veil The Maypole of Merry Mount The Birthmark Rappaccini's Daughter Ethan Brand Preface to The House of the Seven Gables Preface to the Second Edition of The Scarlet Letter The Custom-House The Scarlet Letter HERMAN MELVILLE (1819–1891) From Hawthorne and His Mosses Bartleby the Scrivener Benito Cereno The Portent The March into Virginia A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's Fight The College Colonel An Uninscribed Monument The Maldive Shark Lone FountsArt Billy Budd, Sailor
TRANSCENDENTALISMRALPH WALDO EMERSON (1803–1882) Nature The American Scholar The Divinity School Address Self-Reliance The Over-Soul The Poet Concord Hymn Each and All The Rhodora The Snow-Storm Hamatreya The Apology Ode (Inscribed to W. H. Channing) Brahma Days MARGARET FULLER (1810–1850) From Woman in the Nineteenth Century
CROSSCURRENTS: Transcendentalism, Women, and Social Ideals ELIZABETH PEABODY (1804–1894) [Labor, Wages, and Leisure] CHARLES DICKENS (1812–1870) From American Notes [The Mill Girls of Lowell] ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (1815–1902) Declaration of Sentiments [Seneca Falls, 1848] SOJOURNER TRUTH (C 1797–1883) [Ar’n’t I a Woman?] FANNY FERN (1811–1872) Aunt Hetty on Matrimony The Working–Girls of New York
HENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817–1862) Walden Civil Disobedience Life without Principle
THE HUMANITARIAN SENSIBILITY AND THE INEVITABLE CONFLICT, 1800-1870 Democracy and Social Reform Inevitable Conflict Timeline: The Humanitarian Sensibility and the Inevitable Conflict
CROSSCURRENTS: Slavery, the Slave Trade, and the Civil War BRITON HAMMON (fl 1760) From Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings, and Surprizing Deliverance of Britton Hammon, a Negro Man WILLIAM CUSHING (1732–1810) [Slavery Inconsistent with Our Conduct and Constitution] ALEXANDER FALCONBRIDGE (1760–1792)*From An Account of the Slave Trade, on the Coast of AfricaHENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807–1882)The Witnesses The Quadroon GirlLYDIA MARIA CHILD (1802–1880) [Reply to Margaretta Mason] SARAH MORGAN (1842–1909) From The Civil War Diary of Sarah Morgan SARAH MORGAN BRYAN PIATT (1836–1919)*Army of Occupation
HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807–1882) A Psalm of LifeThe Arsenal at Springfield From The Song of Hiawatha III Hiawatha's Childhood IV Hiawatha and Mudjekeewis V Hiawatha's Fasting VII Hiawatha's Sailing XXI The White Man's Foot The Jewish Cemetery at Newport My Lost Youth Divina Commedia The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls The Cross of Snow JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807–1892) Massachusetts to Virginia First-Day Thoughts Telling the Bees Laus Deo Snow-Bound OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (1809–1894) Old Ironsides The Last Leaf My Aunt The Chambered Nautilus ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809–1865) Farewell Address at Springfield Reply to Horace Greeley Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery Second Inaugural Address HARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1811–1896) From Uncle Tom's Cabin; or Life among the Lowly Chapter VII: The Mother's Struggle Chapter XIX: Miss Ophelia's Experiences and Opinions, Continued Chapter XL: The Martyr Chapter XLI: The Young Master From Oldtown Folks Miss Asphyxia HARRIET JACOBS (1813–1897) From Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl VI: The Jealous Mistress XVII: The Flight XVIII: Months of Peril XIX: The Children Sold FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1817?–1895) Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (1819–1891) From A Fable for Critics From The Biglow Papers, First Series No I: A Letter From Ode Recited at the Harvard Commemoration REBECCA HARDING DAVIS (1831–1910) Life in the Iron-Mills
CROSSCURRENTS: Faith and CrisisHERMAN MELVILLE (1819–1981)*From Moby-Dick, or, The Whale From Chapter 41, Moby-DickSARAH MORGAN BRYAN PIATT (1836–1919)*No HelpEMILY DICKINSON (1830–1886)*338 [I know that He exists]376 [Of course—I prayed—]
PIONEERS OF A NEW POETRY, 1855-1892WALT WHITMAN (1819–1892) Preface to the 1855 Edition of Leaves of Grass Song of Myself Once I Pass'd Through a Populous City Facing West from California's Shores For You O Democracy I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing I Hear It Was Charged Against Me Crossing Brooklyn Ferry Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer The Dalliance of the Eagles Beat! Beat! Drums! Cavalry Crossing a Ford Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night A March in the Ranks Hard-Prest, and the Road Unknown A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim The Wound-Dresser Reconciliation When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd There Was a Child Went Forth To a Common Prostitute The Sleepers A Noiseless Patient Spider To a Locomotive in Winter So Long! Good-bye My Fancy! From Specimen DaysAbraham Lincoln The Million Dead, Too, Summ'd Up EMILY DICKINSON (1830–1886) 49 [I never lost as much but twice] 67 [Success is counted sweetest] 130 [These are the days when Birds come back—] 214 [I taste a liquor never brewed—] 241 [I like a look of Agony] 249 [Wild Nights—Wild Nights!] 252 [I can wade Grief—] 258 [There's a certain Slant of light] 280 [I felt a Funeral, in my Brain] 285 [The Robin's my Criterion for Tune—] 288 [I'm Nobody! Who are you?] 290 [Of Bronze—and Blaze—] 303 [The Soul selects her own Society—] 320 [We play at Paste—] 324 [Some keep the Sabbath going to Church] 328 [A Bird came down the Walk—] 341 [After great pain, a formal feeling comes—] 401 [What Soft—Cherubic Creatures—] 435 [Much Madness is divinest Sense—] 441 [This is my letter to the World] 448 [This was a Poet—It is That] 449 [I died for Beauty—but was scarce] 465 [I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—] 511 [If you were coming in the Fall] 556 [The Brain, within its Groove] 579 [I had been hungry, all the Years—] 585 [I like to see it lap the Miles—] 632 [The Brain—is wider than the Sky—] 636 [The Way I read a Letter's—this—] 640 [I cannot live with You—] 650 [Pain—has a Element of Blank—] 657 [I dwell in Possibility—] 701 [A Thought went up my mind today—] 712 [Because I could not stop for Death—] 732 [She rose to His Requirement—dropt] 754 [My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—] 816 [A Death blow is a Life blow to Some] 823 [Not what We did, shall be the test] 986 [A narrow Fellow in the Grass] 1052 [I never saw a Moor—] 1078 [The Bustle in a House] 1082 [Revolution is the Pod] 1100 [The last Night that She lived] 1129 [Tell all the Truth but tell it slant—] 1207 [He preached upon "Breadth" till it argued him narrow—] 1263 [There is no Frigate like a Book] 1304 [Not with a Club, the Heart is broken] 1463 [A Route of Evanescence] 1540 [As imperceptibly as Grief] 1587 [He ate and drank the precious Words—] 1624 [Apparently with no surprise] 1732 [My life closed twice before its close—] 1760 [Elysium is as far as to] Letters [To Recipient Unknown, about 1858] [To Recipient Unknown, about 1861] [To Recipient Unknown, early 1862?] [To TW Higginson, 15 April 1862] [To TW Higginson, 25 April 1862] [To TW Higginson, 7 June 1862] [To TW Higginson, July 1862] [To TW Higginson, August 1862]
Historical-Literary TimelineBibliography Acknowledgments
The American Tradition in Literature
