Structure and Function in Normal and Abnormal Hips: How to Rescue Mechanically Jeopardized Hips Book

1	Introduction	1
2	Biomechanical Interpretation of the X-rays of the Hip Joint: Interpretation of Pelvic X-rays	3
2.1	X-rays of the Normal Pelvis	3
2.1.1	The Sourcil	3
2.1.2	The Gothic Arch	8
2.1.3	The Hourglass	9
2.2	How to Interpret the X-ray Appearances	11
2.2.1	Fischer's Model: Phases of Gait and Path of the Centre of Gravity	11
2.2.2	Pauwel's Model: Path of Centre of Gravity	12
2.2.3	Previous Knowledge of Muscle Function	12
2.3	Interpretation of Muscular Activity According to the Gothic Arch	21
2.3.1	Static Forces Acting on the Normal Hip: New Model	21
2.3.2	Dynamic Forces Acting on the Normal Hip	24
2.3.3	The Abnormal Hip	24
2.3.3.1	Craniolateral Inclination of the WBS	24
2.3.3.2	Craniomedial Inclination of the WBS	32
2.3.3.3	Coxa Valga with a Horizontal WBS	37
2.3.3.4	Coxa Valga with an Oblique WBS	37
2.3.3.5	Coxa Vara with a Horizontal WBS	37
2.3.3.6	Coxa Vara with an Oblique WBS	42
2.3.4	Consequences of Abnormal Hip Function	42
2.3.4.1	The Antalgic Gait	42
2.3.4.2	The Duchenne or Short-Leg Gait	43
2.3.4.3	The Trendelenburg Gait	45
2.3.4.4	Friction	45
2.3.5	Conclusions	55
3	Biomechanical Interpretation of Femoral X-rays	57
3.1	Relationship Between the Physis and the Neck-Shaft Angle	57
3.1.1	Coxa Valga	57
3.1.2	Coxa Vara	57
3.1.3	Slipped Capital Epiphysis	67
3.1.3.1	Pathogenesis	67
3.1.3.2	Treatment	67
3.1.3.3	Statistics	79
3.2	The Adult Femur	88
3.2.1	Femoral Spherical Sector: Static	88
3.2.2	The Centre of Stress	96
3.2.3	Femoral Spherical Sector: Dynamic	102
3.2.4	Osteophytes	110
3.2.4.1	Positive Tension Osteophytes	110
3.2.4.2	Negative Tension Osteophytes	110
4	Osteotomies	119
4.1	Pelvic Osteotomy	119
4.2	Intertrochanteric Osteotomy: Classification of OA	119
4.2.1	Valgus-Extension Osteotomy	123
4.2.1.1	Aims of Valgus-Extension Osteotomy	123
4.2.1.2	How to Plan a Valgus-Extension Osteotomy	123
4.2.1.3	Operative Procedure	135
4.2.1.4	Postoperative Care	143
4.2.1.5	Valgus Osteotomy in Medial OA	144
4.2.1.6	Effect of Valgus Osteotomy on the Knee	144
4.2.2	Varus Osteotomy	144
4.2.2.1	How to Calculate the Angle of Varus	157
4.2.2.2	Technique of Varus Osteotomy	157
4.2.2.3	Postoperative Care	161
4.2.2.4	Effect of Varus Osteotomy on the Knee	161
4.2.2.5	Trochanteric Displacement	162
4.3	The Role of Joint Cartilage	164
5	Bone Elasticity	169
5.1	How to Preserve Bone Elasticity in Total Hip Replacement	176
5.1.1	The Cup	180
5.1.2	The Stem	180
	References	203
	Subject Index	209