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Book Categories |
List of Figures and Tables | ||
Acknowledgments | ||
1 | Introduction: Scope and Content | 1 |
Introduction | 1 | |
Scope | 3 | |
Organization | 6 | |
Pt. I | Historical Overview | |
2 | The Formation of Science Policy, 1787-1950 | 9 |
Beginnings | 9 | |
Consolidation | 11 | |
War, Prosperity, Depression, and the New Deal | 13 | |
World War II: The Great Divide | 16 | |
The Great Debate | 18 | |
A National Science Foundation | 22 | |
Science Policy de Facto | 25 | |
3 | Old Wine in New Bottles, 1950 to the Present | 28 |
Trends and Phases | 28 | |
The Cold War and Sputnik, 1950-1965 | 37 | |
Crises of Authority, 1965-1975 | 41 | |
Return to Normalcy, 1975 to the Present | 44 | |
Pt. II | Actors in the Policy Process | |
4 | Agency Agendas | 47 |
Bureaucratic Behavior | 47 | |
National Institutes of Health (NIH) | 50 | |
Department of Defense (DOD) | 54 | |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | 58 | |
Department of Energy (DOE) | 62 | |
National Science Foundation (NSF) | 66 | |
Department of Agriculture (DOA) | 71 | |
5 | Presidential Priorities and Congressional Claims | 75 |
Presidential Priorities | 75 | |
Scientific Advice to the President | 76 | |
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) | 79 | |
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | 81 | |
Congressional Claims | 82 | |
Congressional Expertise | 84 | |
The Congressional Budget Process | 85 | |
Committee Business | 88 | |
6 | University Undertakings | 92 |
The Rise of the Research University | 93 | |
The Universities as Research Managers | 95 | |
Problems of Research Management | 101 | |
National Security and Scientific Freedom | 110 | |
Universities in Politics | 111 | |
7 | Industrial Interests | 113 |
The Development of Industrial R&D | 114 | |
The Nature of Industrial Research | 116 | |
Industry-University Cooperation | 120 | |
Industry and Science Policy | 124 | |
8 | Scientific Strategems | 126 |
The Scientific Labor Force | 127 | |
The Scientific Labor Market | 132 | |
Scientists in Politics | 136 | |
The Allocation of Limited Resources | 140 | |
9 | Public Perceptions | 143 |
Public Attitudes | 144 | |
Public Participation | 146 | |
Public Education | 149 | |
Pt. III | Issues and Conclusions | |
10 | Issues and Conclusions | 156 |
International Dimensions | 156 | |
Centralism versus Pluralism | 159 | |
How Much Is Enough? | 162 | |
Peer Review versus the Pork Barrel | 167 | |
Conclusion | 171 | |
Glossary of Acronyms | 173 | |
Notes | 175 | |
Index | 192 |
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