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Contributions vii
Foreword 1
Atmospheric aerosol particles 3
Introduction and definitions 3
The size distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles 4
Aerosols and radiation: Generation of radioactive aerosols 6
Aerodynamic size distribution of radionuclide-associated aerosol particles (radioactive aerosols) 7
Aitken nuclei mode 7
Accumulation mode 7
Coarse particle mode 8
Mechanisms of formation and growth of aerosol particles 8
Coagulation and condensation 8
Gas-to-particle conversion 8
References 9
Radioactive aerosols 11
Introduction 11
Radioactive aerosols associated with the cosmic-ray produced radionuclides 11
Beryllium-7 aerosols 12
Radon and thoron decay product aerosols 16
Formation of radon decay product aerosols 16
Diffusivity of radon decay products 18
Attachment of radon decay products to aerosol particles 19
Activity size distributions of the radon product decay aerosols 21
Lead-214 and [superscript 212]Pb aerosol size distributions 21
Lead-210 vs [superscript 214]Pb aerosol size distributions 26
Lead-212 vs sulfate, SO[superscript 2- subscript 4] aerosol size distributions 26
Lead-210, [superscript 7]Be, [superscript 35]S, [superscript 32]P and sulfates, SO[superscript 2- subscript 4] vs [superscript 214]Pb and [superscript 212]Pb aerosol size distributions 27
[alpha]-Recoil model: An explanation for the [superscript 214]Pb shift in the aerosol size distributions 29
Recoil redistribution of [superscript 210]Pb following [superscript 214]Po [alpha]-decay 32
Radioactive aerosol particle sizes relative to growth mechanisms of sulfate, SO[superscript 2- subscript 4] aerosols 32
The unattached fraction of radon decay product aerosols 33
Mine aerosols 38
Fission product radionuclide aerosols 40
Radioactive aerosols associated with the operation of high-energy accelerators 49
Plutonium aerosols due to nuclear weapons testing or nuclear reactor accidents 52
References 54
Radioactive nuclides as tracers of environmental processes 59
Radioactivity in the environment 59
Atmospheric particle deposition 61
Dry deposition 61
Wet deposition 63
Resuspension 66
Air-to-vegetation transfer of radionuclides associated with submicron aerosols 67
References 68
Residence time of tropospheric aerosols in association with radioactive nuclides 71
Residence time of aerosol particles 71
Residence time of tropospheric aerosol particles associated with the cosmic ray produced [superscript 7]Be 73
Residence time of tropospheric aerosol particles associated with the radon decay product radionuclides [superscript 210]Pb, [superscript 210]Bi, [superscript 210]Po and the fission product radionuclides [superscript 89]Sr, [superscript 90]Sr, and [superscript 140]Ba and their activity ratios 75
Residence time of tropospheric aerosol particles associated with the fission product radionuclides [superscript 89]Sr, [superscript 90]Sr, [superscript 140]Ba and their activity ratios 79
Residence times of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere 80
References 82
Radioactive particles and human subjects 85
Introduction 85
Radioactive dose from inhalation of radon decay product aerosols 85
Deposition of radioactive aerosol particles in the lung 102
Risk assessment due to inhalation of radon decay product aerosols 106
References 110
Aerosol sampling and measurement techniques 113
Introduction 113
Cascade impactors 116
Inertial impactors 117
Andersen cascade impactors 121
1 ACFM ambient cascade impactor 123
Low-pressure cascade impactor 124
Four-stage low-pressure cascade impactor 127
High volume cascade impactor 128
Activity size distribution of radioactive aerosol particles 129
Online [alpha]-impactor 130
A micro-orifice uniform deposit cascade impactor (MOUDI impactor) 135
Particle trap impactor 139
The diffusion battery method for aerosol particle size determination 141
Condensation particle counter battery 146
The Mercer-style impactor 148
Berner-type impactor 150
Dichotomous sampler 151
Compact multistage cascade impactor 153
K-JIST 5-stage cascade impactor 154
References 157
Appendices 161
Subject Index 169
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Add Radioactive Aerosols, Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be, Radioactive Aerosols to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Radioactive Aerosols, Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be, Radioactive Aerosols to your collection on WonderClub |