* New to this edition
1. Reading Critically
Critical Reading
Distinguishing Facts from Opinions
Making Inferences
Synthesizing Information
Evaluating Quality
Errors in Logic
Strategies for Critical Reading
Preview the Material
Do a First Reading
Reread and Study
Keeping a Reading Journal
Summarizing
The Purpose of Summaries
Suggestions for Writing a Summary
A Sample Summary
Synthesizing
The Purpose of Synthesis
Suggestions for Synthesizing Information
A Sample Synthesis
* Mortimer Adler, How to Mark a Book
* Terry McMillan, On Reading and Becoming a Writer
2. Planning an Essay
Considering Your Writing Context
Purpose
Audience
The Writer’s Role
Generating Ideas
Shaping a Writing Topic
Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic
Developing a Thesis
Location of the Thesis
Qualities of an Effective Thesis
How to Compose Your Thesis
Ordering Ideas
Outlining
* Peter Elbow, Desperation Writing
* Gail Godwin, The Watcher at the Gates
3. Writing and Rewriting
Tips for Writing Your First Draft
The Introduction
Body Paragraphs
The Conclusion
The Title
Visualizing an Essay
Revising Your Draft
Tips for Revising
Revising with Reader Response
Editing the Draft
Proofreading the Final Copy
* Nora Ephron, Revision and Life: Take It from the Top, Again
* Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words
4. Description
The Pattern
The Purposes of Description
Description in College Writing and Beyond
Selecting Descriptive Details
Objective and Expressive Details
DescriptiveWords
Similes and Metaphors
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing Description
Checklist for Revising Description
Annotated Student Essay: The Gendarme
* Garrison Keillor, Walking Down the Canyon
Mary Mebane, My Backyard
Alfred Kazin, My Neighborhood
Annie Dillard, The Deer at Providencia
* Gretel Ehrlich, Struck by Lightning
E. B. White, Once More to the Lake
* Alberto Riós, The Vietnam Wall
5. Narration
The Pattern
The Purposes of Narration
Narration in College Writing and Beyond
Supporting Details
Writing Dialogue
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing Narration
Checklist for Revising Narration
Annotated Student Essay: The Family Reunion, Revisited
Robert Satter, Whom to Believe?
* Natalie Kusz, Ring Leader
Langston Hughes, Salvation
Jean Shepherd, Lost at C
Santha Rama Rau, By Any Other Name
George Orwell, A Hanging
* Lee K. Abbott, The View of Me from Mars
6. Exemplification
The Pattern
The Purposes of Exemplification
Exemplification in College Writing and Beyond
Supporting Details
Hypothetical Examples
Strategies for Writing Exemplification
Checklist for Revising Exemplification
Annotated Student Essay: Would I Lie to You?
* George Felton, I Hear America Blathering
* Trip Gabriel, Computers Help Unite Campuses by Also Drive Some Students Apart
Ralph Ellison, On Being the Target of Discrimination
Barbara Ehrenreich, What I Learned from Men: Lessons for a Full-Grown Feminist
* Michiko Kakutani, The Word Police
Jonathan Kozol, Untouchables
* Amy Hempel, In the Cemetery Where Al Jolson Is Buried
7. Process Analysis
The Pattern
The Purposes of Process Analysis
Process Analysis in College Writing and Beyond
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing a Process Analysis
Checklist for Revising a Process Analysis
* Annotated Student Essay: A Visit to Candyland
Miklós Vámos, How I’ll Become an American
Garrison Keillor, Attitude
* Henry Louis Gates, Jr., In the Kitchen
* Timothy Harper, Shoot to Kill
Diane Cole, Don’t Just Stand There
Jessica Mitford, Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain
*Naomi Shihab Nye, Rebellion Against the North Side
8. Comparison-Contrast
The Pattern
The Purposes of Comparison-Contrast
Comparison-Contrast in College
Writing and Beyond
Choosing Subjects
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing Comparison-Contrast
Checklist for Revising Comparison-Contrast
* Annotated Student Essay: Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks
Suzanne Britt, Neat People vs. Sloppy People
*James Collins, Lords of the Ring
* Bruce Catton, Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts
Alice Walker, Am I Blue?
* Deborah Tannen, Squeaky Wheels and Protruding Nails: Direct and Indirect Speech
Arthur L. Campa, Anglo vs. Chicano: Why?
* Mari Evans, When in Rome
9. Cause-and-Effect Analysis
The Pattern
The Purposes of Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Cause-and-Effect Analysis in College
Writing and Beyond
Supporting Details
Avoiding Errors in Logic
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Checklist for Revising Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Annotated Student Essay: Why Athletes Use Steroids
* Rick Reilly, Gentlemen, It’s Gut-Check Time
* Eyal Press, Fouled Out
Richard Rodriguez, Complexion
Brent Staples, Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
Dorothy Siegel, What Is Behind the Growth of Violence on College Campuses?
Calvin Trillin, It’s Just Too Late
* Leslie Marmon Silko, Lullaby
10. Classification and Division
The Pattern
The Purposes of Classification-Division
Classification-Division in College
Writing and Beyond
The Principle for Classification-Division
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing Classification-Division
Checklist for Revising Classification-Division
Annotated Student Essay: Strictly Speaking
* Russell Baker, The Plot against People
Sissela Bok, White Lies
Martin Luther King, Jr., The Ways of Meeting Oppression
* David Bodanis, What’s In Your Toothpaste?
William Zinsser, College Pressures
Desmond Morris, Territorial Behavior
* Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
11. Definition
The Pattern
The Purposes of Definition
Definition in College Writing and Beyond
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Strategies for Writing Definition
Checklist for Revising Definition
* Annotated Student Essay: What Is Courage?
Judy Brady, Want a Wife
Jo Goodwin Parker, What Is Poverty?
* Denise Graveline, The Blue Book
* Malcolm Gladwell, The Art of Failure
Malcolm Cowley, The View from 80
Elie Wiesel, To Be a Jew
* Pat Mora, Immigrants
12. The Law and Society: A Casebook for Argumentation-Persuasion
The Difference between Argumentation and Persuasion
Purpose and Audience
Argumentation-Persuasion in College Writing and Beyond
Supporting Details
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
How Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Relate to Purpose and Audience
Raising and Countering Objections
The Toulmin Model
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Induction
Deduction
Organizing Argumentation-Persuasion
Strategies for Writing Argumentation-Persuasion
Checklist for Revising Argumentation-Persuasion
Annotated Student Essay: Who Should Decide?
Should the United States Pay Reparations to the Descendents of Slaves?
* Manning Marable, An Idea Whose Time Has Come
* Shelby Steele, A Childish Illusion of Justice
Should Law Enforcement Officials Torture Suspects to Save Lives and Protect the Country?
* Jonathan Alter, Time to Think about Torture
* Henry Porter, Now the Talk Is about Bringing Back Torture
Does the First Amendment Protect Hate Speech on Campus?
Nat Hentoff, Free Speech on Campus
Charles R. Lawrence III, The Debate over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims
Derek Bok, Protecting Freedom of Expression at Harvard
Should Juvenile Offenders Be Treated as Adults?
* The New York Times, Little Adult Criminals
* Laurence Steinberg, Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried as Adults?
* Linda J. Collier, Adult Crime, Adult Time
* Timothy Roche and Amanda Bower, Young Voices from the Cell
13. Locating, Evaluating, and Drawing on Sources
Locating Sources
Decide on the Kind of Information You Need
Consult Your Librarian
Use Reference Books
Use the Catalog to Locate Books
Use Indexes to Locate Magazines, Journals, and Newspapers
Use the Internet
Evaluating Print and Internet Sources
Drawing on Sources: Paraphrasing
Drawing on Sources: Quoting
Integrating Paraphrases and Quotations
Documenting Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
Locating Sources
Evaluating Sources
Sample Paper That Draws on Sources
*Divorce as a Violation of Trust
