Language Networks: The New Word Grammar Book

Preface     vii
Introduction     1
Conceptual Networks     1
Classification and the Isa Relation     10
Quantity, Optionality, and 'Variables'     18
Multiple Default Inheritance     21
Logic     31
Spreading Activation     36
Processing     41
Learning     52
Evaluating the Theory     59
Morphology     63
Outline     63
Lexemes, Inflections, and Features     68
Words, Forms, Phonology, and Realization     72
Variants and Syncretism     81
Derivation and Inflection     87
Compounding     93
Morphological Structure     96
Fused Words     100
Clitics     104
A Summary of Morphological Categories     115
Syntax     117
Dependency Structure, not Phrase Structure     117
Word Order, Landmarks, Precedence Agreement     130
Selection and Constructions     151
Agreement and Features     157
Dependency Types and Constructions     160
Mixed Categories     167
Unrealized Words and Ellipsis     172
A Summary of Syntactic Categories     181
Gerunds     183
Introduction     183
The Challenge of English Gerunds     184
Previous Analyses     188
Noun Classes and Noun Phrases     190
Gerunds as Nouns     197
Gerunds as Verbs     199
The Debris of History: Possessives and No/Any     202
The Route from Old English     206
Conclusion     210
Meaning: Semantics and Sociolinguistics     211
Meaning     211
Language, Ontology, Signals and Symbols     214
Evolution and Meaning     219
Referents, Definiteness, Binding, Negation, and Tense     224
Plurals, Quantifiers, and Sets     228
Semantic Relations and Recycling     232
Power and Solidarity     236
Languages, Stereotypes, and Code-Mixing     239
Acts of Identity and Inherent Variability     246
References     249
Index     265