Cosmogenic Nuclides: Principles, Concepts and Applications in the Earth Surface Sciences Book

1 Cosmic rays 1

1.1 Origin and nature of cosmic rays 1

1.2 Interaction with magnetic fields 7

1.3 Interactions with the Earth's atmosphere 10

1.4 Interactions with the Earth's surface 12

1.5 Production of cosmogenic nuclides 16

1.6 Detection of cosmic rays 20

2 Cosmogenic nuclides 25

2.1 'Useful' cosmogenic nuclides 26

2.2 Stable cosmogenic nuclides 29

2.3 Cosmogenic radionuclides 44

2.4 Sample preparation 53

2.5 Analytical methods 57

3 Production rates and scaling factors 60

3.1 Deriving production rates 60

3.2 Scaling factors 63

3.3 Building scaling factors 65

4 Application of cosmogenic nuclides to Earth surface sciences 77

4.1 Exposure dating 77

4.2 Burial dating 109

4.3 Erosion/denudation rates 118

4.4 Uplift rates 130

4.5 Soil dynamics 131

4.6 Dealing with uncertainty 133

App. A Sampling checklist 144

App. B Reporting of cosmogenic-nuclide data for exposure age and erosion rate determinations 148

References 155

Index 180