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Introduction |
xvii |
Part I |
CGI: An Introduction |
1 |
Chapter 1 |
CGI and the Web |
3 |
|
What Is CGI? |
4 |
|
Why Use CGI? |
5 |
|
Why Is CGI Important to the Web Designer? |
7 |
|
Who Uses CGI? |
8 |
|
CGI Basics |
9 |
|
What You Need to Run CGI Applications |
10 |
|
CGI Server Requirements |
11 |
|
Getting Started with CGI |
12 |
|
Creating Your cgi-bin |
12 |
|
CGI Programming Languages |
16 |
|
Your Choices |
16 |
|
The Most Popular CGI Language: Perl |
16 |
|
Preparing Your Web Page for CGI |
18 |
|
Summary |
21 |
Chapter 2 |
Writing Your CGI Application |
23 |
|
Planning Ahead Is Important |
24 |
|
Using Multiple Languages |
24 |
|
Using Multiple HTML Pages |
25 |
|
Adopting Proper Form Design |
28 |
|
Planning the Database Design |
29 |
|
Writing Pseudocode |
32 |
|
Learning the Programming Basics |
35 |
|
Understanding the Difference Between Programs and Scripts |
36 |
|
Learning the Perl Basics |
36 |
|
Summary |
48 |
Chapter 3 |
Your First CGI Application |
49 |
|
Creating Your Application Using Perl |
50 |
|
Adding Comments to Your Application |
50 |
|
Creating Your Application on a PC or Mac |
53 |
|
Creating Your Application on a UNIX Server |
62 |
|
Changing the Permissions of Your Application |
64 |
|
Starting Your CGI Application Using Perl |
66 |
|
Finding Perl on Your Server |
66 |
|
Using the Interpreter's Location in Your Application |
68 |
|
Writing Your Perl Code |
69 |
|
Running Your CGI Application |
75 |
|
Using the URL to Run the Application |
75 |
|
Using a Test HTML Form to Run the Application |
76 |
|
Summary |
77 |
Part II |
Basic Data |
79 |
Chapter 4 |
Getting the Data from Vistors to Your Web Page |
81 |
|
Gathering Data from Your Visitors |
82 |
|
Using Data Labels |
82 |
|
Using Name Attributes or HTML Labels |
83 |
|
Developing Your HTML Form |
85 |
|
Using Text Input Fields |
85 |
|
Using Selected Choice Inputs |
93 |
|
Creating Action Buttons |
100 |
|
Adding Default Values to Your Forms |
106 |
|
Adding Links to Your Forms |
108 |
|
Using Environment Variables |
111 |
|
Using Post versus Get |
111 |
|
Determining Browser and Platform Information |
117 |
|
Determining Navigation Information |
119 |
|
Viewing All Environment Variables at Once |
120 |
|
Summary |
121 |
Chapter 5 |
Getting the Data Into Your CGI Application |
123 |
|
The Importance of the Data in Your Application |
124 |
|
The Ability to Interact |
124 |
|
The Means of Communicating with Your Visitors |
124 |
|
Inputting User Data |
125 |
|
Parsing Data from Forms and Links |
125 |
|
Inputting Data from Environment Variables |
136 |
|
Inputting Data Yourself |
137 |
|
Inputting Data from Scalars |
138 |
|
Inputting Data from Arrays |
139 |
|
Inputting Data from Hashes |
142 |
|
Dealing with Potential Problems |
145 |
|
Incorrect Input from Your Users |
145 |
|
Faulty Data that You Input |
146 |
|
Summary |
147 |
Chapter 6 |
Scalars |
148 |
|
Storing Scalar Information |
149 |
|
Initial Data |
149 |
|
Results of Operations |
150 |
|
Using Numbers as Scalar Variables |
152 |
|
Addition |
152 |
|
Subtraction |
154 |
|
Multiplication |
155 |
|
Division |
159 |
|
Using Multiple Operators |
162 |
|
Using Strings as Scalar Variables |
164 |
|
Connecting Strings |
164 |
|
Repeating Strings |
166 |
|
Assigning Values to a Variable |
167 |
|
Manipulating Variable Values |
168 |
|
Summary |
172 |
Chapter 7 |
Arrays |
173 |
|
Splitting a Scalar Into an Array |
174 |
|
Reasons for Splitting a Scalar |
174 |
|
The Process of Splitting a Scalar |
175 |
|
Determining the Length of an Array |
177 |
|
Using a Scalar Variable |
177 |
|
Using the Index Number |
179 |
|
Retrieving Array Data |
181 |
|
Retrieving a Specific Item |
182 |
|
Retrieving Multiple Items |
186 |
|
Modifying an Array |
191 |
|
Modifying the Entire Array |
191 |
|
Adding Elements to an Array |
195 |
|
Removing Array Elements |
199 |
|
Replacing Array Elements |
203 |
|
Reversing the Order of Elements |
206 |
|
Manipulating Arrays |
207 |
|
Combining Arrays |
207 |
|
Sorting Arrays |
208 |
|
Summary |
209 |
Chapter 8 |
Hashes |
210 |
|
Checking for the Existence of a Key |
211 |
|
Why Checking Is Important |
211 |
|
How to Check for a Key |
211 |
|
Retrieving Hash Values Using Keys |
214 |
|
Retrieving a Single Value |
214 |
|
Retrieving Multiple Values |
216 |
|
Retrieving All the Hash Data |
218 |
|
Finding All Hash Values |
218 |
|
All Hash Keys |
219 |
|
Retrieving Specific Keys and Values |
221 |
|
Retrieving the First Key and Value |
221 |
|
Retrieving Each Key and Value |
224 |
|
Retrieving Key-Value Pairs with the Keys Function |
225 |
|
Removing Key-Value Pairs |
228 |
|
Summary |
232 |
Chapter 9 |
Conditional Statements |
233 |
|
Comparing Values |
234 |
|
Number Comparison |
234 |
|
String Comparison |
235 |
|
Evaluating without Comparisons |
237 |
|
Checking Multiple Comparisons |
237 |
|
Creating Your Conditional Statement |
239 |
|
Using Conditional Statement Blocks |
245 |
|
The if/unless Statement |
245 |
|
The while/until Statement |
248 |
|
The do {} while/until Statement |
251 |
|
The for Statement |
255 |
|
The foreach Statement |
258 |
|
Nested Conditional Statements |
260 |
|
Summary |
262 |
Part III |
Advanced Data |
263 |
Chapter 10 |
Handling Data with Regular Expressions |
265 |
|
Using Regular Expressions |
266 |
|
Matching Text Patterns |
267 |
|
Single Character Patterns |
267 |
|
Group Patterns |
271 |
|
Anchor Patterns |
274 |
|
Precedence |
277 |
|
Using the Matching Operator |
277 |
|
Choosing a Different Target |
278 |
|
Ignoring String Case |
280 |
|
Using Different Delimiters |
282 |
|
Variable Interpolation |
284 |
|
Making Substitutions with Regular Expressions |
287 |
|
Advanced Substitutions |
288 |
|
Using the Split Function |
291 |
|
Summary |
294 |
Chapter 11 |
Subroutines |
295 |
|
Creating a Subroutine |
296 |
|
A Basic Subroutine |
296 |
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A Subroutine that Requires Input |
297 |
|
Storing a Subroutine |
298 |
|
Calling a Subroutine |
299 |
|
Calling a Basic Subroutine |
300 |
|
Calling a Subroutine that Requires Input |
300 |
|
Calling a Subroutine from an External File |
303 |
|
Subroutine Return Values |
304 |
|
Using the Subroutine Return Value |
305 |
|
Manually Setting the Return Value |
307 |
|
Summary |
309 |
Chapter 12 |
Retaining Visitor Data |
310 |
|
Creating Hidden Fields |
311 |
|
Adding Hidden Fields to Your Form |
311 |
|
Using a Hidden Field to Store Collected Data |
313 |
|
Understanding Cookies |
316 |
|
Setting Cookies |
317 |
|
Reading Your Cookies |
325 |
|
Tossing Your Cookies |
326 |
|
Putting It All Together |
328 |
|
Summary |
332 |
Chapter 13 |
Outputting Data |
333 |
|
Generating STDOUT Output |
334 |
|
Normal Output Using print |
334 |
|
Formatted Output Using printf |
336 |
|
Generating HTML Formatted Output |
339 |
|
Adding HTML Formats to Output |
339 |
|
Printing Multiple Lines |
340 |
|
Image and Path Links |
342 |
|
Generating Header and Footer Subroutines |
343 |
|
Creating Header and Footer Subroutines |
344 |
|
Calling Header Subroutines |
346 |
|
Calling Footer Subroutines |
347 |
|
Generating Table and List Outputs |
348 |
|
Outputting a Hash as a Table |
349 |
|
Outputting an Array as a List |
351 |
|
Formatting Numbers and Strings |
352 |
|
Printing Formatted Data |
353 |
|
Formatting Numbers as Dollars and Cents |
354 |
|
Padding Numbers |
356 |
|
Summary |
357 |
Chapter 14 |
Formats |
359 |
|
Using Formats |
360 |
|
Defining a Format |
361 |
|
Invoking a Format |
363 |
|
Using Fields |
364 |
|
Text Fields |
368 |
|
Numeric Fields |
369 |
|
Multiline Fields |
370 |
|
Filled Fields |
372 |
|
Using the Top-of-Page Format |
373 |
|
Changing Format Defaults |
376 |
|
Changing the Format Names |
376 |
|
Changing the Page Length |
378 |
|
Summary |
379 |
Chapter 15 |
Files and Directories |
380 |
|
Using Files |
381 |
|
Opening Files |
381 |
|
Closing Files |
386 |
|
Writing to Files |
387 |
|
Reading Data from Files |
388 |
|
Exclusive File Access |
390 |
|
Renaming Files |
391 |
|
Removing Files |
394 |
|
Checking the Status of Files |
395 |
|
Using Directories |
398 |
|
Opening Directories |
398 |
|
Closing Directories |
399 |
|
Viewing Directory Contents |
400 |
|
Changing the Directory |
401 |
|
Creating New Directories |
402 |
|
Removing Directories |
403 |
|
Using File and Directory Operations |
404 |
|
Verifying Files and Directories |
404 |
|
Changing Permissions In Your Application |
405 |
|
Eliminating Characters |
406
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CGI Fast and Easy Web Development, CGI, or Common Gateway Interface, is a specification for transferring information between a World Wide Web server and a CGI program. CGI is the most common way for Web servers to interact with users. For example, many HTML pages that contain forms use a C, CGI Fast and Easy Web Development to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClub
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CGI Fast and Easy Web Development, CGI, or Common Gateway Interface, is a specification for transferring information between a World Wide Web server and a CGI program. CGI is the most common way for Web servers to interact with users. For example, many HTML pages that contain forms use a C, CGI Fast and Easy Web Development to your collection on WonderClub
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