Assessment and Renovation of Concrete Structures Book

	Foreword
	Acknowledgements
1	Introduction	1
	Constituents	2
	Manufacture of Portland cement	2
	Portland cement composition	6
	Other cementing materials	10
	Aggregates	13
	Water	18
	Admixtures	19
2	Deterioration Processes	25
	Construction and design defects	25
	Early-age defects	26
	Longer term problems	31
3	Planning an Investigation	49
	Safety	49
	Overall plan	51
	Initial general phase	51
	Detailed phase	53
	Commissioning testing work	65
4	Testing Techniques	68
	Strength testing	68
	Covermeter (pachometer)	86
	Half-cell potential	89
	Resistivity	91
	Radar	92
	Dust sampling	93
	Carbonation depth testing	95
	Radiography	95
	Strain	96
	Permeability	98
	Laboratory test methods	101
	Alkali reactivity	107
5	Interpretation of Results	111
	Strength tests	113
	Structural assessment	121
	High alumina cement concrete construction	126
	Load tests	127
	Chloride contents	128
	Carbonation	131
	Carbonation and chlorides	133
	Sulphate contents	136
	Half-cell potential results	136
	Alkali - silica reactivity	138
6	Repair and Renovation Techniques	145
	Preliminary considerations	145
	Sprayed concrete	147
	Patch repair	152
	Bulky repairs	157
	Crack filling and resin injection	160
	Bonding of external reinforcement	164
7	Protection	166
	Surface treatments	167
	Cathodic protection	176
	Chloride extraction and replenishment of alkalis	187
8	Contract Documents	191
	Specification for the work	193
	Concrete Society patch repair specification	196
	Dutch repair recommendations	197
	Sprayed concrete	204
	Department of Transport specifications	204
	Cathodic protection	207
	Index	211