African-American Odyssey, The, Volume 1 Book

PART I Becoming African American

1 Africa

A Huge and Diverse Land

The Birthplace of Humanity

Ancient Civilizations and Old Arguments

West Africa

Kongo and Angola

West African Society and Culture

2 Middle Passage

The European Age of Exploration and Colonization

The Slave Trade in Africa

The Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Growth of the Atlantic Slave Trade

The African-American Ordeal from Capture to Destination

Landing and Sale in the West Indies

Seasoning

The End of the Journey: Masters and Slaves in the Americas

The Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade

3 Black People in Colonial North America, 1526–1763

The Peoples of Eastern North America

Black Servitude in the Chesapeake

Plantation Slavery, 1700–1750

Slave Life in Early America

Miscegenation and Creolization

The Origins of African-American Culture

Slavery in the Northern Colonies

Slavery in Spanish Florida and French Louisiana

Black Women in Colonial America

Black Resistance and Rebellion

4 Rising Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence, 1763–1783

The Crisis of the British Empire

The Declaration of Independence and African Americans

Black Enlightenment

African Americans in the War for Independence

The Revolution and Emancipation

5 African Americans in the New Nation, 1783–1820

Forces for Freedom

Forces for Slavery

The Emergence of Free Black Communities

The War of 1812

PART II Slavery, Abolition, and the Quest for Freedom: The Coming of the Civil War, 1793–1861

6 Life in the Cotton Kingdom

The Expansion of Slavery

Slave Labor in Agriculture

House Servants and Skilled Slaves

Slave Families

The Socialization of Slaves

Religion

The Character of Slavery and Slaves

7 Free Black People in Antebellum America, 1820-1861

Demographics of Freedom

The Jacksonian Era

Limited Freedom in the North

Black Communities in the Urban North

African-American Institutions

Free African Americans in the Upper South

Free African Americans in the Deep South

8 Opposition to Slavery, 1800–1833

Abolitionism Begins in America

From Gabriel to Denmark Vesey

A Country in Turmoil

Black Abolitionist Women

The Baltimore Alliance

David Walker and Nat Turner

9 Let Your Motto Be Resistance, 1833–1850

A Rising Tide of Racism and Violence

Black Community Institutions

The American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society and the Liberty Party

A More Aggressive Abolitionism

Black Militancy

10 “And Black People Were at the Heart of It”: The United States Disunites Over Slavery

The Lure of the West

Fugitive Slaves

The Rochester Convention, 1853

Nativism and the Know-Nothings

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Preston Brooks Attacks Charles Sumner

The Dred Scott Decision

White Northerners and Black Americans

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Abraham Lincoln and Black People

John Brown and the Raid on Harpers Ferry

The Election of Abraham Lincoln

PART III The Civil War, Emancipation, and Black Reconstruction: The Second American Revolution

11 Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War

Lincoln’s Aims

Black Men Volunteer and Are Rejected

Union Policies toward Confederate Slaves

The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation

Black Men Fight for the Union

The Confederate Reaction to Black Soldiers

Black Men in the Union Navy

Liberators, Spies, and Guides

Violent Opposition to Black People

Refugees

Black People and the Confederacy

12 The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction, 1865–1868

The End of Slavery

Land

The Freedmen’s Bureau

Southern Homestead Act

Sharecropping

The Black Church

Education

Violence

The Crusade for Political and Civil Rights

Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson

Black Codes

Black Conventions

The Radical Republicans

The Fourteenth Amendment

Radical Reconstruction

The Reaction of White Southerners

13 The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction, 1868–1877

Constitutional Conventions

Elections

Black Political Leaders

The Issues

Economic Issues

Black Politicians: An Evaluation

Republican Factionalism

Opposition

The Fifteenth Amendment

The Enforcement Acts

The North Loses Interest

The Freedmen’s Bank

The Civil Rights Act of 1875

The End of Reconstruction