Advances in LC-MS Instrumentation, Vol. 72 Book

List of contributors     IX
Introduction   Achille Cappiello     XI
Basic aspects of electrospray ionization   Laura Molin   Pietro Traldi     1
The Taylor cone     2
Fate of sprayed droplets     4
Ions formation from charged droplets     7
Some further considerations     7
References     8
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI): new avenues for an old friend   Andrea Raffaelli     11
Introduction     11
Principles and apparatus     14
Applications     20
References     24
Electron ionization in LC-MS: a technical overview of the Direct EI interface   Achille Cappiello   Pierangela Palma     27
Introduction     27
The interface     29
Interface performance     31
Applications     38
Conclusion     42
References     43
Electron ionization LC-MS with supersonic molecular beams   Ori Granot   Aviv Amirav     45
Introduction     45
Experimental - liquid sampling EI-MS with SMB     46
Results - cold EI mass spectra     51
Results - selected applications     56
Discussion and potential advantages     60
Acknowledgements     61
References     61
A case for congruent multiple ionization modes in atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry   Michael P. Balogh     65
Introduction     65
Atmospheric pressure ionization: electrospray     66
Atmospheric pressure ionization: chemical ionization     67
Atmospheric pressure ionization: photoionization     68
Combining ionization mechanisms     69
Developing reproducible mechanism boundaries     70
True combined mechanism designs     73
Development of ESCi multimode ionization     73
Applications of multimode ionization     77
Developments in progress     82
Acknowledgments     85
References     85
Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI)   Oliver J. Schmitz   Thorsten Benter     89
Motivation     89
Principles of laser ionization     92
Spectroscopic considerations     94
From jet-REMPI to APLI     97
Coupling stages for APLI MS and experimental results      103
Conclusions and outlook     110
References     111
LC-ICP-MS - a primary tool for elemental speciation studies?   Katarzyna Wrobel   Kazimierz Wrobel   Joseph A. Caruso     115
Introduction: target elements and samples in speciation analysis     115
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as element-specific detector     119
Liquid chromatographic techniques for species separation     127
Coupling ICP-MS to liquid chromatography     132
Element speciation by LC-ICP-MS in the real-world samples     134
Approaching a higher reliability of speciation results     148
Conclusions     153
References     153
HPCL-chip/MS: a new approach to nano-LC/MS   Tom A. van de Goor     165
Introduction     165
Micro fabrication of HPLC-chip devices     168
Analytical performance of HPLC-chip/MS versus nano-LC/MS [10]     172
Applications of HPLC-chip/MS     178
Future directions     188
Conclusion     191
References     192
Matrix effect, signal suppression and enhancement in LC-ESI-MS   Loris Tonidandel   Roberta Seraglia     193
References      210
Differential mobility spectrometry (FAIMS): a powerful tool for rapid gas phase ion separation and detection   Raanan A. Miller   Erkinjon G. Nazarov   Daren Levin     211
Introduction and history     211
Principle of operation overview     212
How it works: fundamentals of the ion separation method     214
Physical implementation: planar versus cylindrical ion filter geometries     228
The importance of ionization: fundamentals of atmospheric pressure ion formation and ion chemistry     232
Applications of DMS     237
Conclusion     255
Acknowledgments     255
References     255
Index     259